Project Management Essay example -- Business Research

Venture Management Albeit an advancement group does a large portion of the work, it is the task supervisor that is running the improvement procedure. All human movement that includes doing an undertaking needs an arrangement. We call this Project Management. However, there is a major contrast between ventures that include a couple of individuals and tasks that include huge quantities of individuals. There is consistently a littler gathering of people behind every bigger gathering that is arranging, coordinating, and rousing those individuals. There are three fundamental parts to extend the board: start date, finish date, and all the errands that should be done. At the point when the arrangement begins to include various things occurring at various occasions, the vast majority of which are dependant upon one another, the arrangement can begin to take up a gigantic measure of existence. This is the reason you should begin with a solid arrangement. Presently days there are PC programs that will in general produce answers long after the occasions have occurred. These task arranging and planning programs give genuine data, hazard investigation, time recording, costing, evaluating and numerous different sorts or venture the executives. In any case, these projects are not under any condition venture the board. Task the executives is control, initiative, cooperation, overseeing of assets, and a fundamental information for the undertaking. Venture chiefs are found in each industry, from planners to police officer. There is an interest for an ever increasing number of individuals who have the important aptitudes it takes to deal with a group or a venture. The fundamental worries of an undertaking chief are time, quality, and cost control. These are what drive these directors to be the most productive as could reasonably be expected. â€Å"The achievement of a venture will rely on the exertion, care and ability you apply in its initi... ...ble segments as far as size and intricacy. The significant sort of chart utilized is a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). WBS is very task situated. Different outlines that could be utilized are Gantt graphs and Load diagrams. As we move into the future there is increasingly more interest for incredible pioneers regardless of the profession you are in. It appears that less individuals can think for themselves any longer, it resembles everybody is turning out to be robots to innovation. I feel this is making a tremendous entryway for the individuals who can lead others into this new wilderness. It appears that there are less individuals who have what it takes or even who are eager. There are extraordinary awards for the individuals who perceive this new development and need to assume responsibility for enormous organizations. So as time proceeds onward we will perceive how this new innovation insurgency winds up and who the pioneers will be.

A Comparison of Michelangelos and Donatellos Sculptures of David

The examination of figures among Michelangelo and Donatello David Michelangelo and Donatello was the most regarded and energizing craftsman of the time. Michelangelo of the High Renaissance and Donatello of the early Renaissance originated from Italy. Them two recount to the tale of David and Goliath, as depicted in Sam 2: 17: 28-51 in their figure 'David'. David is a shepherd kid, executing a mammoth Goliath with just a single pachinko in his grasp. Michelangelo indicated David before the battle and Donatello demonstrated David to David in the battle against Goliath. In the Renaissance time frame, specialists, for example, Donatello, Lorenzo Ghiberti and Michelangelo delivered acclaimed works, for example, Donatello's bronze David, Door to the baptistery of Florence, Michelangelo, figures arrived at the peak. The marble of David and Pieta the Virgin Mary tenderly embracing the expired Jesus. Most Renaissance models are as yet strict about that subject. The congregation is brimming with deliberately cut tents, podium towers, tombs, special raised areas, bowl pots and sculptures. Be that as it may, as they get familiar with old style craftsmanship, stone carvers likewise work as pagans, including horse riding (pony and rider) sculptures, picture busts and male naked drawings. Also, workmanship isn't only for the congregation The city of Florence paid for his model of David. The client felt that he was hard to deal with and participate. He is anything but a social scholarly like Leonardo da Vinci or Michelangelo. Donatello is basically a pragmatist. A large number of the perfect works of art of Donatello are in Florence. A portion of the artful culminations include: St. Subside, St Mark, Sukune, St George and Dragon, St. John Evangelist, Magdalen and Angel and Tambourine. Huge numbers of his models were an advancement in the Renaissance. One of them, David was the principal bare sculpture of the Renaissance, and the goddess of the equestrian gutta Merita was viewed as perhaps the best figure ever. (Rainbow Book of Art p.68, May 16, 2003) David was bound to turn into the second lord of Israel, obliterating the Philistines' monster Goliath with stones and hanging chains. Both Donatello, Verrocchio, Michelangelo, Benigni structured the David design. Be that as it may, models are altogether different from one another. Each is one of a kind in its own particular manner. Donatello, the primary life-sized bare sculpture since the traditional time, balances among classicalism and authenticity through the genuine picture of an Italian rancher's kid introducing a great naked sculpture. Donatello was enlivened by traditional figures, however he didn't pick Greek youth as a model of David. Rather, he picked a little fellow whose arm was feebly exposed in view of an absence of muscles. In the wake of crushing Goliath at the foot of David, he set a blade close to him and managed its vast majority. It is practically incomprehensible for young men like David to achieve such work. essay.com/DAVID MICHELANGO, DONATELLO, This is four distinct structures about David mold.

Classical Conditioning How It Works With Examples

Classical Conditioning How It Works With Examples Theories Behavioral Psychology Print Classical Conditioning Overview A Step-by-Step Guide to How Classical Conditioning Really Works By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 14, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 05, 2019 More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Classical Conditioning Basics How Does Classical Conditioning Work? Key Principles of Classical Conditioning Classical Conditioning Examples View All Back To Top Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major influence on the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism. Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus.??? Illustration by Joshua Seong, Verywell Classical Conditioning Basics Although classical conditioning was not discovered by a psychologist at all, it had a tremendous influence over the school of thought in psychology known as behaviorism.??? Behaviorism is based on the assumption that:All  learning occurs through interactions with the environmentThe environment shapes behavior Its important to note that classical conditioning involves placing a neutral signal before a naturally occurring reflex. In Pavlovs classic experiment with dogs, the neutral signal was the sound of a tone and the naturally occurring reflex was salivating in response to food. By associating the neutral stimulus with the environmental stimulus (presenting of food), the sound of the tone alone could produce the salivation response.??? In order to understand how more about how classical conditioning works, it is important to be familiar with the basic principles of the process. How Does Classical Conditioning Work? Classical conditioning basically involves forming an association between two stimuli resulting in a learned response.??? There are three basic phases of this process: Phase 1: Before Conditioning The first part of the classical conditioning process requires a naturally occurring stimulus that will automatically elicit a response. Salivating in response to the smell of food is a good example of a naturally occurring stimulus. During this phase of the processes, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) results in an unconditioned response (UCR).??? For example, presenting food (the UCS) naturally and automatically triggers a salivation response (the UCR). At this point, there is also a neutral stimulus that produces no effect - yet. It isnt until this neutral stimulus is paired with the UCS that it will come to evoke a response. Lets take a closer look at the two critical components of this phase of classical conditioning. The unconditioned stimulus is one that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response.??? For example, when you smell one of your favorite foods, you may immediately feel very hungry. In this example, the smell of the food is the unconditioned stimulus. The unconditioned response is the unlearned response that occurs naturally in response to the unconditioned stimulus.??? In our example, the feeling of hunger in response to the smell of food is the unconditioned response. Phase 2: During Conditioning During the second phase of the classical conditioning process, the previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned stimulus. As a result of this pairing, an association between the previously neutral stimulus and the UCS is formed. At this point, the once neutral stimulus becomes known as the conditioned stimulus (CS). The subject has now been conditioned to respond to this stimulus. The conditioned stimulus is previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus, eventually comes to trigger a conditioned response.??? In our earlier example, suppose that when you smelled your favorite food, you also heard the sound of a whistle. While the whistle is unrelated to the smell of the food, if the sound of the whistle was paired multiple times with the smell, the sound would eventually trigger the conditioned response. In this case, the sound of the whistle is the conditioned stimulus. Phase 3: After Conditioning Once the association has been made between the UCS and the CS, presenting the conditioned stimulus alone will come to evoke a response even without the unconditioned stimulus. The resulting response is known as the conditioned response (CR).??? The conditioned response is the learned response to the previously neutral stimulus. In our example, the conditioned response would be feeling hungry when you heard the sound of the whistle. Key Principles of Classical Conditioning Behaviorists have described a number of different phenomena associated with  classical conditioning. Some of these elements involve the initial establishment of the response while others describe the disappearance of a response. These elements are important in understanding the classical conditioning process. Lets take a closer look at five key principles of classical conditioning: 1. Acquisition Acquisition  is the initial stage of learning when a response is first established and gradually strengthened.??? During the acquisition phase of classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an  unconditioned stimulus. As you may recall, an unconditioned stimulus is something that naturally and automatically triggers a response without any learning. After an association is made, the subject will begin to emit a behavior in response to the previously neutral stimulus, which is now known as a  conditioned stimulus. It is at this point that we can say that the response has been acquired. For example, imagine that you are conditioning a dog to salivate in response to the sound of a bell. You repeatedly pair the presentation of food with the sound of the bell. You can say the response has been acquired as soon as the dog begins to salivate in response to the bell tone. Once the response has been established, you can gradually reinforce the salivation response to make sure the behavior is well learned. Acquisition in Classical Conditioning 2. Extinction Extinction  is when the occurrences of a conditioned response decreases or disappears. In classical conditioning, this happens when a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with an unconditioned stimulus.??? For example, if the smell of food (the unconditioned stimulus) had been paired with the sound of a whistle (the conditioned stimulus), it would eventually come to evoke the conditioned response of hunger. However, if the unconditioned stimulus (the smell of food) were no longer paired with the conditioned stimulus (the whistle), eventually the conditioned response (hunger) would disappear. Extinction in Classical Conditioning 3. Spontaneous Recovery Sometimes a learned response can suddenly reemerge even after a period of extinction.  Spontaneous recovery  is the reappearance of the conditioned response after a rest period or period of lessened response.??? For example, imagine that after training a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell, you stop reinforcing the behavior and the response eventually becomes extinct. After a rest period during which the conditioned stimulus is not presented, you suddenly ring the bell and the animal spontaneously recovers the previously learned response. If the conditioned stimulus and unconditioned stimulus are no longer associated, extinction will occur very rapidly after a spontaneous recovery. Why Spontaneous Recovery Is Important in Psychology 4. Stimulus Generalization Stimulus generalization  is the tendency for the conditioned stimulus to evoke similar responses after the response has been conditioned.??? For example, if a dog has been conditioned to salivate at the sound of a bell, the animal may also exhibit the same response to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus. In John B. Watsons famous  Little Albert Experiment, for example, a small child was conditioned to fear a white rat. The child demonstrated stimulus generalization by also exhibiting fear in response to other fuzzy white objects including stuffed toys and Watson own hair. How Stimulus Generalization Influences Learning 5. Stimulus Discrimination Discrimination  is the ability to differentiate between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that have not been paired with an unconditioned stimulus.??? For example, if a bell tone were the conditioned stimulus, discrimination would involve being able to tell the difference between the bell tone and other similar sounds. Because the subject is able to distinguish between these stimuli, he or she will only respond when the conditioned stimulus is presented. Understanding Stimulus Discrimination Classical Conditioning Examples It can be helpful to look at a few examples of how the classical conditioning process operates both in experimental and real-world  settings. Classical Conditioning of a Fear Response One of the most famous examples of classical conditioning was John B. Watsons experiment in which a fear response was conditioned in a boy known as Little Albert.??? The child initially showed no fear of a white rat, but after the rat was paired repeatedly with loud, scary sounds, the child would cry when the rat was present. The childs fear also generalized to other fuzzy white objects. Lets examine the elements of this classic experiment. Prior to the conditioning, the white rat was a neutral stimulus. The unconditioned stimulus was the loud, clanging sounds and the unconditioned response was the fear response created by the noise. By repeatedly pairing the rat with the unconditioned stimulus, the white rat (now the conditioned stimulus) came to evoke the fear response (now the conditioned response). This experiment illustrates how phobias can form through classical conditioning. In many cases, a single pairing of a neutral stimulus (a dog, for example) and a frightening experience (being bitten by the dog) can lead to a lasting phobia (being afraid of dogs). Classical Conditioning of Taste Aversions Another example of classical conditioning can be seen in the development of conditioned taste aversions. Researchers John Garcia and Bob Koelling first noticed this phenomenon when they observed how rats that had been exposed to a nausea-causing radiation developed an aversion to flavored water after the radiation and the water were presented together.??? In this example, the radiation represents the unconditioned stimulus and the nausea represents the unconditioned response. After the pairing of the two, the flavored water is the conditioned stimulus, while the nausea that formed when exposed to the water alone is the conditioned response. Later research demonstrated that such classically conditioned aversions could be produced through a single pairing of the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus. Researchers also found that such aversions can even develop if the conditioned stimulus (the taste of the food) is presented several hours before the unconditioned stimulus (the nausea-causing stimulus).??? Why do such associations develop so quickly? Obviously, forming such associations can have survival benefits for the organism. If an animal eats something that makes it ill, it needs to avoid eating the same food in the future to avoid sickness or even death. This is a great example of what is known as biological preparedness. Some associations form more readily because they aid in survival.??? In one famous field study, researchers injected sheep carcasses with a poison that would make coyotes sick but not kill them. The goal was to help sheep ranchers reduce the number of sheep lost to coyote killings. Not only did the experiment work by lowering the number of sheep killed, it also caused some of the coyotes to develop such a strong aversion to sheep that they would actually run away at the scent or sight of a sheep. A Word From Verywell In reality, people do not respond exactly like Pavlovs dogs. There are, however, numerous real-world applications for classical conditioning. For example, many dog trainers use classical conditioning techniques to help people train their pets. These techniques are also useful for helping people cope with phobias or anxiety problems. Therapists might, for example, repeatedly pair something that provokes anxiety with relaxation techniques in order to create an association. Teachers are able to apply classical conditioning in the class by creating a positive classroom environment to help students overcome anxiety or fear. Pairing an anxiety-provoking situation, such as performing in front of a group, with pleasant surroundings helps the student learn new associations. Instead of feeling anxious and tense in these situations, the child will learn to stay relaxed and calm.

Definition and History of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis is the  linguistic theory that the semantic structure of a language shapes or limits the ways in which a speaker forms conceptions of the world. It came about in 1929. The theory is named after the American anthropological linguist Edward Sapir (1884–1939) and his student Benjamin Whorf (1897–1941). It is also known as the  theory of linguistic relativity, linguistic relativism, linguistic determinism, Whorfian hypothesis, and Whorfianism. History of the Theory The idea that a persons native language determines how he or she thinks was popular among behaviorists of the 1930s and on until cognitive psychology theories came about, beginning in the 1950s and increasing in influence in the 1960s. (Behaviorism taught that behavior is a result of external conditioning and doesnt take feelings, emotions, and thoughts into account as affecting behavior. Cognitive psychology studies mental processes such as creative thinking, problem-solving, and attention.) Author Lera Boroditsky gave some background on ideas about the connections between languages and thought: The question of whether languages shape the way we think goes back centuries; Charlemagne proclaimed that to have a second language is to have a second soul. But the idea went out of favor with scientists when  Noam Chomskys theories of language gained popularity in the 1960s and 70s. Dr. Chomsky proposed that there is a  universal grammar  for all human languages—essentially, that languages dont really differ from one another in significant ways....  (Lost in Translation. The Wall Street Journal, July 30, 2010) The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was taught in courses through the early 1970s and had become widely accepted as truth, but then it fell out of favor. By the 1990s, the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis was left for dead, author Steven Pinker wrote. The cognitive revolution in psychology, which made the study of pure thought possible, and a number of studies showing meager effects of language on concepts, appeared to kill the concept in the 1990s... But recently it has been resurrected, and neo-Whorfianism is now an active research topic in  psycholinguistics. (The Stuff of Thought. Viking, 2007) Neo-Whorfianism is essentially a weaker version of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and says that language  influences  a speakers view of the world but does not inescapably determine it. The Theorys Flaws One big problem with the original Sapir-Whorf hypothesis stems from the idea that if a persons language has no word for a particular concept, then that person would not be able to understand that concept, which is untrue.  Language doesnt necessarily control humans ability to reason or have an emotional response to something or some idea. For example, take the German word  sturmfrei, which essentially is the feeling when you have the whole house to yourself because your parents or roommates are away. Just because English doesnt have a single word for the idea doesnt mean that Americans cant understand the concept. Theres also the chicken and egg problem with the theory. Languages, of course, are human creations, tools we invent and hone to suit our needs,  Boroditsky continued. Simply showing that speakers of different languages think differently doesnt tell us whether its language that shapes thought or the other way around.

High School Dropouts And Its Effect On Our Country

Being defeated is often an (only lasting for a short time) condition. Giving up is permanent, Marylin vos Smart person. According to Americangraduatedc.org, 1.3 million students each year dropout of high school in the United States alone. Dropouts refers to a student quitting school before he or she graduates or avoiding enrolling in college. Students who drop out are more likely to be unemployed, homeless, or receiving welfare. High School dropouts are very common in the United States today. Only 72% of America s children graduate from high school. Eighteen states allows the students to stop school before the age of eighteen. High school dropouts causes a bad effect on our country. The results of dropping out of high school can have†¦show more content†¦Some small sections/small parts are presented below in tables; however, for a complete discussion,please see the original article: Understanding Why Students Drop Out of High School, According to Their Own Reports Lower education ranking is a huge effect of dropping out of high school. Many people are unable to finish high school due to sickness, such as pregnancy, viruses, etc. The lower someone s education ranking is, the harder it would be for them to survive in the real world. College is the most helpful way that a parent can take care of them and/or their kids. According to nccp.org, over the past twenty years, parents with less education have been losing money-based ground. 25% of student are in poor families with parents that does not have a high school diploma. 57% of students are in poor families with parents that only has high school diploma and did not go ahead/move forward to college. 24% of students are in poor families with parents that only has some college education. These percentages shows that the college level you have, the more likely you are to coming close to succeeding. People with low education level are the people who are in poor families, struggling, or even poor and living on the streets. Those with lower education levels receives the most help from the government. People with poor and education tends

Solutions, Dilutions and molarity calculations Free Essays

Why is a conical flask, rather than a beaker, used in the experiment? – To allow easy mixing of solutions by swirling. 2. Why is the funnel removed from the burette after adding the acid solution? – so that the drops from the funnel will not fall into the burette. We will write a custom essay sample on Solutions, Dilutions and molarity calculations or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. In using a burette, why is it important to (a) rinse it with a little of the solution it is going to contain? – to remove any residual water and so avoid dilution of the acid solution when it is poured into the burette. (b) to clamp it vertically? – to enable the liquid level to be read correctly. ) to have the part below the tap full? – to ensure that the actual volume of liquid delivered into the flask is read correctly. 4. Give one reason for carrying out the following procedures during the titration. (i) The sides of the conical flask were washed down with deionised water? – To ensure that all of the acid added from the burette can react with the base. (ii) The conical flask was frequently swirled or shaken? – To ensure complete mixing of the reactants. 5. Why is a rough titration carried out? – To find the approximate end point. This nformation enables the subsequent titrations to be carried out more quickly. 6. Why is more than one accurate titration carried out? – To minimise error by getting accurate readings within 0. 1-3 cm of each other. 7. Explain why hydrochloric acid is not used as a primary standard? – The exact concentration of any hydrochloric acid solution is not known, unless it is prepared from standard ampoules. Laboratory grade hydrochloric acid is not sufficiently pure. 8. Can any of the following be used as primary standards: NaOH, H2S04, HN03? Explain your answer. A primary standard should be available in a highly pure state and stable. None of these substances are available pure because: (a) NaOH readily absorbs water and carbon dioxide from the air. (b) Concentrated H2S04 readily absorbs water from the air. (c)HN03 breaks down releasing N02 gas. 9. If you used only 10cm3 of sodium carbonate solution in the conical flask, calculate how much acid would be required to neutralise it. x 10-3 moles Na2C03 10cm3 Na 2CO 3 solution used at concentration of 0. 1 M 1 2 x 10-3 moles HCL required Concentration of HCL is 0. M 1000 x 2 x 10-3 / 0. 23crn3 required = 10. 5crn fi13. 10. Describe briefly how a pure dry sample of sodium chloride could be obtained having carried out the titration? – Using the information provided by the titration results, add Just enough hydrochloric acid to exactly neutralise 25cm 3 of sodium carbonate. The indicator should not be added. Gently heat the solution until all the water has evaporated to dryness. A sample of sodium chloride will remain in the beaker. Solutions, Dilutions and molarity calculations By AbigailHerbert How to cite Solutions, Dilutions and molarity calculations, Papers

Podcast 2 Proposal Essays - World Wide Web, Behavioral Addiction

Podcast 2 Proposal For the podcast assignment, I will be using Source f orge Audacity software. It is an open source project and free to use application. Audacity is multi-track audio editor and recorder for Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux . This is relatively easy to use audio tool. I have some experience using the app, but not for podcasting purposes. I've been listening to a few podcasts, such as Talking Tesla and ESL podcasts. In my second podcast, I woul d like to talk about video game addiction . Most definitions of video game addiction refer to excessive play which results in negative emotional, social, relational, educational, or career consequences. There are several signs of video game addiction: s pending most of one's free time playing video games , f requently playing video games for six to eight hours non-stop , l oss of interest in social activities etc. I will discuss i s v ideo g ame a ddiction a big probl em . I will use the next sources: http://mediasmarts.ca/video-games/concerns-about-video-games http://www.techaddiction.ca/addiction-to-video-games.html http://www.techaddiction.ca/video-game-addiction.html https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2017/08/11/how-big-of-a-problem-is-video-game-addiction/#54472e8c3c4d https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_controversies

Not another romantic movie essays

Not another romantic movie essays Whether we admit it or not, we know that deep, down in each one of us, there exists a hopeless romantic. People long to experience love; experience how to love and how it feels to be loved. Sometimes, we experience this love by watching romantic films. We are thrilled to get a view of beautiful leading ladies and dashing leading men, wishing we were the characters that they portrayed. We usually want to witness them experience a happy ending just as we want ourselves to experience the same. But then, sometimes we feel that we have seen enough of these very predictable, unrealistic romantic films and realize we want something new. Well, we might have just found an original, intelligent and realistic romantic film about fate and destiny in the movie Before Sunset. It had a refreshingly unique story, convincing actors and a romantic setting. This movie proves to be different from many other romantic films. Unlike other films where a lot of kissing and intimate scenes are needed to portray the romance between the leading characters, in this movie, their conversations alone were already romantic and engrossing. It was a great plus for this movie for it had insightful conversations between the main characters. A downside to the uniqueness of this movie is that some people still prefer the old typical romantic movies. Some people might look for the intimate scenes and get bored with the seemingly endless conversation between the two characters. Yet, the distinctiveness of this film is intriguing enough to make the viewers hang on and await for every scene. Another thing, in most stories, destiny and fate brings the main characters together and is responsible for their happiness. Well in this film, destiny was accountable for causing Jesse and Celine pain. For instance, the scene where Jesse mentioned that on the day he was about to get married, he thought he saw Celine folding an umbrella across the street and later on learned f...

Glossary of Common Mitosis Terms

Glossary of Common Mitosis Terms Mitosis Glossary Mitosis is a form of cell division that enables organisms to grow and reproduce. The mitosis stage of the cell cycle involves the separation of nuclear chromosomes, followed by cytokinesis (division of the cytoplasm forming two distinct cells). At the end of mitosis, two distinct daughter cells are produced. Each cell contains identical genetic material. This Mitosis Glossary is a good resource for finding succinct, practical, and meaningful definitions for common mitosis terms. Mitosis Glossary - Index Anaphase - stage in mitosis where chromosomes begin moving to opposite ends (poles) of the cell. Allele - an alternative form of a gene (one member of a pair) that is located at a specific position on a specific chromosome. Asters - radial microtubule arrays found in animal cells that help to manipulate chromosomes during cell division. Cell Cycle - the life cycle of a dividing cell. It includes Interphase and the M phase or Mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). Centrioles - cylindrical structures that are composed of groupings of microtubules arranged in a 9 3 pattern. Centromere - a region on a chromosome that joins two sister chromatids. Chromatid - one of two identical copies of a replicated chromosome. Chromatin - mass of genetic material composed of DNA and proteins that condense to form chromosomes during eukaryotic cell division. Chromosome - a long, stringy aggregate of genes that carries heredity information (DNA) and is formed from condensed chromatin. Cytokinesis - d ivision of the cytoplasm that produces distinct daughter cells. Cytoskeleton - a network of fibers throughout the cells cytoplasm that helps the cell maintain its shape and gives support to the cell. Daughter Cell - a cell resulting from the replication and division of a single parent cell. Daughter Chromosome - a chromosome that results from the separation of sister chromatids during cell division. Diploid Cell - a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes. One set of chromosomes is donated from each parent. Genes - segments of DNA located on chromosomes that exist in alternative forms called alleles. Haploid Cell - a cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes. Kinetochore - a specialized region on the centromere of chromosome where spindle polar fibers attach to the chromosome. Kinetochore Fibers - microtubules that connect kinetochores to spindle polar fibers. Interphase - stage in the cell cycle where a cell doubles in size and synthesizes DNA in preparation for cell division. Metaphase - stage in mitosis where chromosomes align alo ng the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Microtubules - fibrous, hollow rods, that function primarily to help support and shape the cell. Mitosis - a phase of the cell cycle that involves the separation of nuclear chromosomes followed by cytokinesis. Nucleus - a membrane-bound structure that contains the cells hereditary information and controls the cells growth and reproduction. Polar Fibers - spindle fibers that extend from the two poles of a dividing cell. Prophase - stage in mitosis where chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes. Sister Chromatids - two identical copies of a single chromosome that are connected by a centromere. Spindle Fibers - aggregates of microtubules that move chromosomes during cell division. Telophase - stage in mitosis where the nucleus of one cell is divided equally into two nuclei. More Biology Terms For information on additional biology related terms, see the Genetics Glossary and Difficult Biology Words.

Crime Scene Documentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Crime Scene Documentation - Essay Example The photography technique requires the investigator to use both close-up coverage and medium coverage that will provide aerial and vertical view of the suspect positions and items left at the crime scene. The sketches will identify the surrounding area of the crime scene and possible positions of the suspects (Pepper, 2010). According to Ogle (2011), crime scene sketching aims at creating a permanent record of the distance relationship of the physical evidence and crime scene. Sketching will require the investigator to have folding ruler, graph paper, pencil, and flashlight since it is essential to take proportional measurements such as exit areas and bullet trajectory angles (Pepper, 2010). The sketch is critical in clarifying the information in photographs and videos since it enables the viewer to gauge the dimensions and distances. A sketch is essential in crime scene documentation since it assists during interviewing and interrogations, it relates the sequence of events at the scene, and establishes a precise relationship of objects found at the crime scene (Ogle, 2011). The sketches may include details such as size if the room, height of a door frame and distance from the door to the window. The projection view of the sketch will show the horizontal floor plan while the schematic perspective is essential in showing the sequence of events such bullet firing position (Horswell, 2010). Another aspect of sketching is the triangulation that will involve taking the distance and measurements from a central position such as bedroom. Crime investigators rely on the rectangular coordinate method of sketching measure the distance from two perpendicular items such as walls and doors. The polar coordinate method is mainly applicable in outdoor crime scenes where there is only one reference point such as road accidents (Ogle, 2011). The final

Night by Elie Weisel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Night by Elie Weisel - Essay Example The story opens up to the feelings of Eliezer, his faith in God, and how his relationship particularly changed with his father throughout the novel. As Eliezer goes on to suffer some of the worst scenarios of the holocaust, he develops a strange relationship with his father. The only perception of his father is what he narrates himself, thus the readers do not know what the father thinks or feels. Throughout the novel, it is evident that his father, Shlomo, remains a constant factor that is with him at all times. His father is an old, emotional man, who loved Eliezer and is totally dependent on him for support. As the story begins, Eliezer starts to suffer at the hands of the Nazis, and that slowly gets him to lose his faith in God. He and his father survive the severe conditions together and he helps his old father as much as he can. Even though the cruelties have led Eliezer to lose faith in God and trust in all the people around him, he manages to maintain the bond of love that he has for his father. He thinks of his father and cares for him as he says â€Å"I was thinking of my father. He must have suffered more than I did† (Wiesel 56). Even though he sees many people in his camp that beat their fathers and abuses them out of frustration, he controls his fears and lets the father-son relationship be the factor that keeps him struggling. He also prays to the Lord to give him strength to never do what other children have done to their fathers. However, there is a time in the story when Eliezer explains his experience with some worse conditions. He faces intense situations which breaks him to pieces and takes away all the love, care, patience, and faith from his heart. In fact, there are many moments in the story when Eliezer describes his numb feeling towards his father and then how he tries to wash it away. At one occasion he says â€Å"I stood petrified. What

Liquid Phase Surface Nitriding of Al-5052

Liquid Phase Surface Nitriding of Al-5052 Abstract: Liquid phase surface nitriding of Al-5052 was performed using the heat of a TIG (tungsten inert gas) torch in a gas shielding which was a mixture of argon and nitrogen. The feasibility of obtaining nitride compounds at various TIG processing parameters and nitrogen contents in the shielding gas were studied. The presence of AlN phase being formed during surface nitriding was proved by X-ray diffraction analysis. Scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyzer was carried out to study the morphology and chemical composition of the nitride phase. The microhardness test was also performed on cross sections of treated layers. This measurement demonstrated that the surface hardness increased from 52 HV for the untreated aluminum alloy to as high as 1411 HV for the nitrided sample due to the formation of AlN phase in the treated layer. It was also found that, variation of nitrogen contents in the shielding gas has little effect on th e formation of AlN phase and its properties. It was also noticed that liquid phase surface nitriding reduced the wear rate to less than quarter of that of the untreated substrate. Introduction Liquid phase surface engineering including surface melting, alloying, and formation of composite layers on aluminum alloys have been studied and applied for more than three decades. High-energy sources such as laser and electron beam, as well as other heat sources like tungsten inert gas (TIG) process have been used for these treatments [1–3]. In order to improve the wear resistance, formation of hard nitride layers via liquid phase surface engineering on nitride former alloys like titanium and iron in atmospheres containing nitrogen have also been studied by a number of researchers [4–11]. Aluminum alloys like titanium are strong nitride former. Attempts have been made to form nitride compounds on aluminum and its alloys to enhance their wear resistant [12–16]. The majority of researchers have used plasma nitriding technique. The main disadvantage of plasma nitriding is formation of rather thin AlN layers, which are not suitable, and useful while high load bearing ability is required [12,13,17–19]. Some researchers have tried to form aluminum nitride via liquid phase surface engineering of aluminum using laser beam [14,20–24]. Sicard et al. [22] obtained thin nitride layers on aluminum based substrate by liquid phase laser nitriding. Carpene et al. [23] studied laser nitriding of pure iron and aluminum in nitrogen atmosphere using a pulsed nanosecond Excimer laser. Their study revealed that approximately all the phases predicted by the Fe-N phase diagram was observed in the case of liquid phase iron nitriding, while in aluminum, only AlN was formed . There are only a couple of works on liquid phase surface nitriding of aluminum using electric arc in atmospheres of argon and nitrogen [15,16]. Hioki et al. [15] introduced an aluminum nitriding method by heating aluminum in a mixture gas of argon and nitrogen using the heat of a TIG torch. By this treatment, a dense layer of aluminum nitride was formed on the surface of aluminum so that it improved the wear resistance of aluminum. Zheng et al. [16] reported an improvement in the microhardness and wear resistance of 1050 aluminum by nitrogen arc discharge at atmospheric pressure. The nitride formation mechanism via liquid phase surface treatment has not been completely realized. According to some researches [16,20,21], the plasma formation by the electric arc or laser irradiation on the substrate surface under nitrogen atmosphere allows ionization of nitrogen and penetration to some depth and then according to Al+N → AlN reaction, nitride layers grow in the melt pool. It has been reported that if the proportion of nitrogen gas exceeds 50% by weight, the paucity of argon gas might result in unfavorable effects on generation and stability of the electric arc [15]. Therefore, it is preferred that the shielding gas to be diluted by argon gas. In this study, TIG surface nitriding of Al-5052 in ambient nitrogen atmosphere will be carried out to investigate the effects of various TIG processing parameters such as current and travel speed as well as nitrogen contents on the formation of AlN on Al-5052 alloy. Subsequently, the hardness and wear resistance of the treated surfaces were studied. Experimental AA5052 aluminum plates with dimensions of 100 mm Ãâ€" 80 mm Ãâ€" 10 mm were used as the substrate. Prior to surface nitriding, their surfaces were sandpapered with 120 paper grit SiC and then cleaned with acetone. TIG surface treatment was carried out using a MERKLE TIG 200 AC/DC unit in alternative-current (AC) mode as a heat-generator. A coaxial argon gas flow was adjusted at a fixed amount of 9 l/min and high purity nitrogen gas (at flow rates of 3, 4, and 5 l/min) was blown into the molten pool to provide shielding. Tungsten electrodes with diameter of 2.4 mm and a constant distance of 2 mm from the specimens’ surfaces were used for all experiments. Surface melting trials were conducted to optimize the TIG processing parameters (Table 1). The effects of volume percentage of added nitrogen to the shielding gas and TIG processing parameters on the properties of the fabricated layers were studied. On the whole, liquid phase surface nitriding was performed under two different series of processing parameters. In the first series, surface nitriding was performed in a constant mixture of argon and nitrogen gas atmosphere at various TIG processing parameters and in the second series the mix tures of argon and nitrogen gas shielding were changed while other TIG operating parameters were kept constant (Table 2). The voltage of TIG process was kept at a constant value of 15 V, the current varied from 75 to 150 A, and the travel speed differed from 50 to 200 mm/min. The heat input for each test was calculated using Eq. 1 [25]. Heat input (kJ/cm) = (0.48 Ãâ€" voltage Ãâ€" current)/(Travel speed) (1) The nitrided layers were characterized and analyzed by optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscope (Model:Camscan MV2300) equipped with an EDS analyzer. The samples used for microanalysis were polished metallographically to get smooth surfaces and then were etched with Kellers reagent for 15–30 s. The nitrided layers were also analyzed using a Philips X’Pert Pro X-ray diffractometer equipped with a Ni filter, Cu KÃŽ ± source operating at 40 kV and 30 mA. The cross-sectional hardness of the surface treated layer was measured by a MicroMet microhardness testers-Vickers with an applied load of 100-200 g and holding time of 15 s. The given values of hardness were average values taking from three to five measurement points at the same depth. The wear rates of the samples at room temperature and humidity of 45% were also evaluated by measuring the weight loss, using a pin-on-disc wear test machine. The cylindrical pins with a diameter of 4.9 mm were wire-cut from the untreated AA5052, surface melted and surface nitrided samples for the wear tests. A quench-tempered steel (AISI 52100) disc with a diameter of 37 mm and hardness of 59 HRC was chosen as the counter face. The testing parameters were 20N load, 0.3 mm/s sliding speed, and 250, 500, 750 and 1000 m sliding distance on a radius of 12.5 mm from the center of the disc. 3. Results and Discussions 3.1 Surface melting Fig. 1 shows a typical cross sectional view of a crack and porosity-free surface melted specimen achieved at a heat input of 2.16 kJ/cm (current of 100 A and travel speed of 200 mm/min). This figure also shows that the optical macrostructure of the cross section of the surface melted specimen is composed of three distinctive structures: Area 1 is the unchanged structure of the base metal. Area 2 with columnar structure, which is formed due to the high heat transfer rates because of rapid solidification and high thermal gradient between the melted zone and the base metal. Area 3 with equiaxed structure, which is emerged due to heat transfer rates during the melting process. 3.2 Surface nitriding: Effects of various TIG processing parameters Liquid phase surface nitriding was carried out under various TIG processing parameters in a constant mixture of nitrogen–argon shielding gases. Surface nitriding caused the formation of gray colored tracks, with 0.6–1.6 mm thickness and 3–6 mm width, indicating composition changes and possibly formation of aluminum nitride in the treated layer. A couple of other works have also reported similar observations [16,21]. Fig. 2a and b shows the effect of heat input on the depth and width of the treated zone. The depth and width of treated zone proportionally increased with increasing heat input. In addition, the change in gradient due to increased heat input is the same in both graphs. Fig. 3a and b shows the surface treated zone achieved at the minimum (N-1) and maximum (N-4) heat input used in this work, when the mixture of nitrogen–argon shielding gas was remained constant. In the sample with maximum heat input, the treated layer is larger and contains crack s, which are due to the formation of hard aluminum nitride and high temperature gradient. The rough nature of the treated layer is due the metal evaporation as result of high heat input. EDS analysis from the marked areas (Fig. 3c and d) reveals aluminum and nitrogen percentages for N-1 and N-4 specimens. Nitrogen content in the sample with maximum heat input (27.22 at%) was much lower than the nitrogen content in the sample with minimal heat input (40.41 at%). Increasing heat input results in dissolved nitrogen in the larger melting pool of aluminum and there would be less excess nitrogen. 3.3 Surface nitriding: Effects of shielding gas Surface nitriding was also processed at various volume percentage of nitrogen in the shielding gas when the other TIG processing parameters were kept constant. Fig. 4 shows the low magnification cross sectional SEM micrograph of sample N-5 (see Table 2), near its surface. According to this figure, the nitrided layers are consisted of two morphologies, one is dendritic morphology, and other is lamellar morphology dispersed between the dendrites. Similar morphologies are reported by other researchers [16]. Fig. 5 shows the high magnification SEM micrograph of sample N-5 that reveals these two morphologies, separately. Detailed SEM-EDS spot analysis (Fig. 5c and d) suggests that in lamellar structure, the dark areas are aluminum nitride and the bright bands are aluminum. The EDS analysis results disclosed that the atomic percentage of nitrogen and aluminum are almost 1:1 at the dark areas. X-ray diffraction patterns of the nitrided zone also confirmed peaks corresponding to hexagonal Al N phase (Fig. 6). Other researchers also reported formation of hexagonal AlN phase [12,16]. AlN phase was seen at 2ÃŽ ¸ = 33.216, 36.041, 37.917, 49.816, 59.350, 66.054, 69.731, 71.440, 72.629, 81.090 and 94.844 (PDF no. 25-1133). There are other peaks in the XRD patterns at 2ÃŽ ¸ = 38.473, 44.740, 65.135, 78.230, 82.438, and 99.081, that correspond to face centered cubic aluminum structure. Fig. 7 shows the high magnification cross sectional SEM micrographs of samples that were surface nitrided under various volume percentages of nitrogen in shielding gas. The morphologies of the samples treated with different nitrogen flow rates (3, 4 and 5 l/min) were similar to each other and by changing the nitrogen flow rate, the atomic percentage of nitrogen in the dark bands did not changed, significantly (Table 3). However, it seems that the thickness of the dark bands increased with increasing the volume percentages of nitrogen gas shielding. Meanwhile, bright areas increased that indicate d aluminum content changed by reducing the amount of nitrogen in the gas mixture. 3.4 Microhardness Table 4 compares the average microhardness of a number of surface melted samples with that of the base metal. In surface melted samples, the hardness of the surface melted layer reduces by increasing of the heat input applied. Nevertheless, minimum hardness of the surface melted samples (81 HV) was much higher than that of the base aluminum substrate (52 HV). Table 5 shows the average microhardness of a number of surface nitrided samples being compared with that of the base metal. The increase in hardness was due to the formation of AlN phase in the nitrided zone. In surface nitrided samples by decreasing the heat input, the size of the treated layer decreased and hence, the solidification rate increased, resulting in a finer grained structure. In addition, by reducing the heat input, nitriding pool shrinks and nitrogen content rises from about 27 to 40 %at and therefore the relative amount of nitride compounds is increased in the layer. The hardness of the nitrided sample achieved a t higher heat input (HV 1109) is lower than that of the sample nitride at lower heat input (1411HV), which is close to the hardness value reported by others [13,16]. Furthermore, various volume percentages of nitrogen in the gas shielding had an insignificant effect on the average hardness of the nitrided zone. Fig. 8 illustrates the microhardness profiles along the depth of the layer achieved for surface melted (M-1) and nitrided (N-5) samples. These profiles indicate that the microhardness of the surface nitrided sample is much higher than that of the surface melted sample. The hardness for the surface melted (M-1) sample reached 148 HV and for the surface nitrided (N-5) sample increased by up to 1411 HV. Besides, the hardness of the nitrided layer along treated zone does not vary significantly and abruptly reduce to the hardness of the base material that can be an indication of in depth diffusion of nitrogen in the surface treated zone. 3.5. Wear resistance The weight losses of the worn untreated substrate, surface melted and surface nitrided samples against sliding distance are shown in Fig. 9. As it is shown, the weight loss after 1000 m sliding reduced from 4.2 mg to 2.9 and 1.2 mg, respectively, for the untreated aluminum, surface melted (M-1) sample (with highest hardness among surface melted samples) and surface nitrided (N-5) sample (with highest hardness among surface nitrided samples). According to these results, the wear rates of the surface melted and nitrided aluminum are about 69% and 28% of that of the untreated aluminum. Besides friction coefficients varied from 0.81 to 0.71 and 0.54 for untreated substrate, surface melted and surface nitrided samples respectively. It is obvious that grain refinement and presence of hard aluminum nitride phases have a positive effect on the wear resistance of the melted and nitrided samples. Similar improvement in wear resistance by formation of nitride layer has also been reported in oth er studies [11,13,14,16]. Fig. 10 shows the scanning electron micrographs of the worn surfaces of the untreated, surface melted and surface nitrided samples after 1000 m sliding distances. Plastic deformation including deep grooves on the worn surface of the untreated sample are signs of abrasive wear mechanism. After surface melting processing, the surface hardness increased and the intensity of the grooves reduced. Fig. 10c shows the worn surface of the surface nitrided sample, which has the lowest wear rate among the samples. Worn surface of the nitrided sample are smoother than those of the other samples that is due to presence of AlN phases in the nitrided layers and its higher hardness. Conclusions Liquid phase surface nitriding of Al-5052 by TIG process in ambient nitrogen atmosphere resulted in the formation of nitrided layers containing hexagonal AlN hard phase with two morphologies of dendritic and lamellar. Increasing the heat input resulted in reduced nitrogen content in the nitrided layer and thus AlN content reduced in the layer. The hardness of the surface nitrided layer reached to 1411 HV as compared to 52 HV for untreated aluminum alloy. Meanwhile, various volume percentages of nitrogen in the gas shielding had no significant effect on the morphology and the average hardness of the nitrided layers. Liquid phase surface nitriding resulted in the formation of AlN phase and hence increased the hardness of the treated layer that in turn reduced the wear rate to less than quarter of that of the untreated aluminum.

How a Text You Have Studied Created a Strong First Impression Essay

This was shown through the use of metaphors, repetition and antithesis. The first impressions of Benedick and Beatrice are of a proud misogynist and Beatrice is the parallel to Benedick: a strong willed woman who hates marriage. It is important to the text because it show not only love is a universal solvent between them but Shakespeare offer a fresh insight as well as a slight criticism of gender roles In the beginning of the text, Benedick and Beatrice playfully show off their wits by engaging a ‘merry war betwixt’ them. It is central that Shakespeare would have to impact the audience whether modern or especially the Elizabethan era with a pair of strong willed characters; whom the Elizabethans can relate to. Independent, assertive and unruly women commanded attention on stage, the traditional behaviour of femininity was under strain. Beatrice’s apparent indifference to marriage frees her to attack the vanity and hypocrisy of male privilege and honour. The attack could be directed at Benedick, whose reputation as exploiter of male privileges, is exposed through his first defeat: ‘I would my horse had the speed of your tongue. †¦ I have done’. This illustrates that Beatrice’s wit is too quick for Benedick (‘speed of your tongue’) and he essentially concedes to her. Benedick’s pride and misogyny is shown through the use of repetition and antithesis. His character is arrogant and overpowering. When Claudio asked Benedick about Hero, Benedick ‘as being a professed tyrant to their [women’s] sex’ produces a witty remark. He describes Hero, as ‘too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise, and too little for a great praise. ’ This description employs the use of repetition and antithesis to communicate Benedick’s contempt for women. The repetition of the word ‘praise’ shows the understanding that women are subject to men’s approval. The use of antithesis and repetition shows that men are dominant. Benedick’s pride and misogyny is broken through the fierce but yet enduring love of Beatrice. Benedick has a relationship which is important to the text. It is the relationship with Beatrice that makes the text so interesting. Benedict insults Beatrice with an animal image â€Å"you are a rare parrot teacher’ Beatrice counteracts by saying ‘A bird of your tongue is better than a beast of yours’. Benedick’s treatment of women could be viewed as animalistic (women are properties; you can sell or buy without a feeling of guilt) and he is a chauvinist. Furthermore, he wishes to ‘consume’ their ego. Ironically, in the end, the relationship which Beatrice requires is a relationship deeply rooted in passionate commitment which transcends gender limitations and honour. It is for these reasons that make Benedick’s relationship with Beatrice so interesting The use of allusion and metaphors makes Beatrice’s relationship with Benedick so interesting and vital to the text. This is because Beatrice objects to male pretensions: would it not grieve a woman to be overmastered by a valiant piece of dust’. This perception of ‘valiant dust’ metaphor is very significant. Men, whether valiant or not, would be always be insignificant and this make Beatrice metaphorically compares them to dust. The use of biblical allusion is also important to the text. In context, in the Bible, men come from dust and Beatrice thought that women are superior. This is because women came from the rib bone of Adam, a man. Beatrice, who hates marriage, is softened by deception. Beatrice’s relationship with Benedick is vital for the text. Mutual love detaches Beatrice and Benedick from Messina and connects them with something more permanent. Beatrice exacts commitment to her, but not to abstract social ideals. She wants open, reciprocal love and sympathy and Benedick has the capability to give what she want or needs. The compromise that she asked Benedick reaches not to ‘woo peacefully’ but to retains some antagonism- ‘to love no more than reason’- guarantees balance and freshness through unceasing examination and constant redefinition. Benedick and Beatrice created a strong first impression. This was shown through the use of metaphors, repetition and antithesis.

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Ap World Exam Essay Samples 2016-2017

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Ap World Exam Essay Samples 2016-2017 You're going to need to select a topic first, but your topic needs to be something that has two conflicting points or unique conclusions. Your intro should begin with an intriguing hook that will draw the reader in your paper. For example, think about the topic from the above mentioned link regarding traditional versus alternative medication. It permits the readers to think critically about a particular issue, and to weigh the 2 sides regarding such matter. Also for people who support abortion 1. One of my favourite things about writing is that there isn't any correct or wrong answer. A response to this question should mention the youngster's strengths, their athletic and societal interests. Ap World Exam Essay Samples 2016-2017 - the Conspiracy Utilizing reliable sources for research is important. Scholarship providers would never tell you exactly what they are searching for in an essay. Today, there are lots of on-line websites that provide sample papers. A complete course description that may help to guide your studying and comprehension of the knowledge necessary for the exam can be discovered in the College Board course description. If your aim is to pass the GED, then you have to learn about test-taking strategies. Some students find lots of difficulty writing the essay, even if they can discover strong points. Many students seek scholarship so the financial facets of studying would be less of a burden in their opinion. Therefore, many students and employees decide to acquire inexpensive essay rather than writing it themselves. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Ap World Exam Essay Samples 2016-2017 Nobody is supposed to take somebody's life since they didn't give life. Unless you're an extremely talented baker, most likely the response is no. It isn't as demanding as other varieties of academic papers, but nevertheless, it can provide you an overall insight on writing providing you with the fundamental skills of information gathering, creating an outline, and editing. An outline is an excellent remedy for this. In each one of these courses, the theory and study of producing art is still the same, althoug h the medium and product of your work changes. The revision is intended to boost the emphasis on essential concepts and historical thinking abilities. You will have to be in a position to recognize quality and regions of weakness in your work as a way to be successful on the Quality portion of your portfolio. Possessing a particular plan and a firm grasp of the class content and methods of assessment can help you to truly feel prepared and produce your greatest high quality work. You might choose to submit any or all the Drawing,,Two-Dimensional Design, or Three-Dimensional design portfolios in one year or over the duration of several decades. If you are in need of a website that will supply you with a thorough collection of samples, then you're at the appropriate place. How to Get Started with Ap World Exam Essay Samples 2016-2017? Most conclusions are just a paragraph in length as the conclusion is predicted to be an overview of the whole essay. An outline helps to ensure that you've got the essential components to compose a great essay. If one paragraph appears to be weak, then the general caliber of your essay will be lac king. The upcoming few paragraphs will compose most of your essay. You should find the most suitable resources for your essay along with patience when finding the proper inspiration to write. High school essays are structured very similarly irrespective of the topic and superior essay structure will allow you to compose a very clear essay that flows from 1 paragraph to the next. It is far better read through several narrative essay examples in order to get the one which best matches the format which you're writing your essay in. High school essay examples incorporate a number of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical.

Yttrium Facts - Chemical Physical Properties

Yttrium oxides are a component of the phosphors used to produce the red color in television picture tubes. The oxides have potential use in ceramics and glass. Yttrium oxides have high melting points and impart shock resistance and low expansion to glass. Yttrium iron garnets are used to filter microwaves and as transmitters and transducers of acoustic energy. Yttrium aluminum garnets, with a hardness of 8.5, are used to simulate diamond gemstones. Small quantities of yttrium may be added to reduce the grain size in chromium, molybdenum, zirconium, and titanium, and to increase the strength of aluminum and magnesium alloys. Yttrium is used as a deoxidizer for vanadium and other nonferrous metals. It is used as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene. Basic Facts About Yttrium Atomic Number: 39 Symbol: Y Atomic Weight: 88.90585 Discovery: Johann Gadolin 1794 (Finland) Electron Configuration: [Kr] 5s1 4d1 Word Origin: Named for Ytterby, a village in Sweden near Vauxholm. Ytterby is the site of a quarry which yielded many minerals containing rare earths and other elements (erbium, terbium, and ytterbium). Isotopes: Natural yttrium is composed of yttrium-89 only. 19 unstable isotopes are also known. Properties: Yttrium has a metallic silver luster. It is relatively stable in the air except when finely divided. Yttrium turnings will ignite in air if their temperature exceeds 400Â °C. Yttrium Physical Data Element Classification: Transition Metal Density (g/cc): 4.47 Melting Point (K): 1795 Boiling Point (K): 3611 Appearance: silvery, ductile, moderately reactive metal Atomic Radius (pm): 178 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 19.8 Covalent Radius (pm): 162 Ionic Radius: 89.3 (3e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.284 Fusion Heat (kJ/mol): 11.5 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 367 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.22 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 615.4 Oxidation States: 3 Lattice Structure: hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.650 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.571 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.)