Concert Intime Is A Wonderful Dance Performance - 885 Words

Concert Intime is a wonderful dance performance which was held in April 9, 2016 at Chapman University. Two directors Alicia Guy and Liz Maxwell, professional choreographers, and talented Chapman students brought audiences an intimate and colorful evening with seven performance pieces. They were Innumerable, Metamorphosis, Children of the Drum, All as One, and And the Winner Is. In each piece, audiences could enjoy a unique story in the past or modern life and a great combination of customs, light, music, and body languages. The first performance piece was Innumerable choreographed by Cristina McKeever. It was based on the famous documentary Numbered by Danna Doron and Uriel Sinai. The story is about Auschwitz prisoners in the concentration camps. Regardless of religion, all these people were tattooed on their arms or chests with serial numbers. There are approximately 400,000 prisoners in Auschwitz, but only some several thousand survivors are still alive today. In order to attract t he audiences, the piece started with a woman’s voice speaking the quotation of Primo Levi, one of the survivor in Auschwitz, â€Å"With time, my tattoo has become a part of my body. I do not display and do not hide it. I show it unwillingly to those who ask out of curiosity, readily and with anger to those who say they are incredulous.† Eight dancers then appeared and danced in groups as well as in pairs and alone. Especially, they displayed a lot of run motions in order to portray the Auschwitz

The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator Free Essays

The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator Isabella McCarty Williams Everest University Online (Orlando Campus) The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator The career I have chosen is a Crime Scene Investigator known as a CSI. In this research paper we will discuss the job details, salary, and the guidelines on collecting evidence. It is important that I cover these things to explain the importance of this career. We will write a custom essay sample on The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hope you enjoy the mind-bending information provided. Hi everyone, I am studying to be a Crime Scene Investigator (a. k. a. CSI). When working in the criminal investigation field, there are certain things you must know or learn. It takes years of training and schooling to be a CSI when you think you are done, your wrong. CSI’s are constantly going back to school and going through more training just to keep their license. That’s enough about that right now. I wish you luck for you are in a world full of surprises! We will first be discussing the job details of a Crime Scene Investigator. A CSI works in an office of their job assignment Monday-Friday from 8:30am-4:30pm for 8 hours of fun and exciting tasks. What I found to be interesting was a CSI must â€Å"successfully complete a minimum of 720 hours of training in crime scene processing, with a minimum of 80 hours of training in latent fingerprint processing, 40 hours in major death investigation, 40 hours in advanced death investigations, 40 hours in photography, 40 hours in blood spatter interpretation, and other training courses in arson investigation and forensic pathology. In addition, the crime scene investigator must be certified by the International Association for Identification, Crime Scene Certification Board, within 18 months as a crime scene investigator. (N. A. , Crime Scene Investigator Job Details, N. A. ) Also as a CSI you must obtain contact with the law enforcement officials at all levels, state and federal prosecutors, county coroners, medical examiners and pathologists in person or by telephone, on a professional basis. This is a great way to stay on top of the crimes and promiscuous things going on in the foren sic field. These are the job details of a CSI, it is not easy becoming or staying licensed as you can tell from the previous information listed above. Next we will be talking about the salary of a Crime Scene Investigator. CSI salary is within the range of $37,960 to $99,980 a year. Out of the many industries where CSI’s can be employed, the local government ranks the highest when it comes to providing jobs to crime scene investigators. The Bureau of Labor and Statistics says that â€Å"detectives and criminal investigators in the District of Columbia earns the highest wages; having an annual mean wage of $94,620, and an hourly mean wage of $45. 49. † (N. A. , Crime Scene Investigator Salary, 2012) As you can see Crime Scene Investigators get a decent pay, but most of the money they receive goes to schooling and surviving. The salary of a CSI is immaculate and definitely worth the time and effort put forth. Lastly, we will look at the guidelines for collecting evidence. When collecting evidence the guidelines are strict, they are strict because in some cases if you don’t follow them you could lose all the evidence you have. Also when taking pictures of evidence at night you have to â€Å"make sure you adjust your camera’s position, time of exposure, and supplemental lighting so the camera can â€Å"see† what you see. † (N. A. , Crime Scene Resources, 2000-2012) Another interesting fact from this website is there are over 200 ways to collect and process a finger print. When collecting evidence you cannot make any mistakes. If you make one mistake that could be someone’s entire life in your hands. In this essay we have reviewed the Crime Scene Investigators job details, salary, and the guidelines for collecting evidence. In conclusion, it takes a lot to become a good CSI it comes with excellent pay and great skills and knowledge. I suggest if you want to go into this field be ready to have a continuous line of schooling and be ready to face new obstacles every day. I thank you for taking the time out to read this essay and hope you have learned and found this field as interesting as I have. References N. A. (2000-2012) Become a forensic investigator. Retrieved from http://http://www. crime-scene-investigator. net/ N. A. (2012) A crime scene investigator’s salary. Retrieved from http://www. criminaljusticeschoolinfo. com/crime-scene-investigator-salary. html N. A. (N. D. ) A crime scene investigator’s job details. Retrieved from http://www. feinc. net/csi-desc. html How to cite The Life of a Crime Scene Investigator, Essays

Narrative Living Life to Its Fullest Essay Example For Students

Narrative Living Life to Its Fullest Essay The bonds that hold a family together can be very thin, but during times of tragedy they become much stronger. My family had to experience this after the death of two of my family members, both in the year 2010. With the events leading up to their death’s I realized how people try to cling to life and how easily death can change someone. Since the moment my grandmother was diagnosed with cancer, she proved to be the strongest in the family. She had always been the link that kept our family together, and after her diagnosis, she made that job her main priority. The doctors found the cancer when it had already metastasized to her bladder. But at that point we were not that worried, the cancer was still relatively small which meant that she could still be cured. The cancer could not be removed through surgery because it was too big for that; so the doctors recommended chemotherapy to prevent it from growing and possibly reducing its size. The effects of the therapy on her body did not take long to become visible. My grandmother had to shave her head because her hair began to fall, and her body looked exhausted, as if part of her liveliness had been sucked away from her. Nonetheless, it was worth it, because the treatment was working. The tumor was shrinking and the smaller it got, the greater our hopes became. Maybe that was the reason why we felt immensely crushed when the doctors said that the tumor suddenly started to grow again and that it was spreading throughout her body. We had built our hopes up and collided with reality, a very painful collision. It did not take long for the cancer to reach her brain, at that point, there was no going back. She started receiving radiotherapy to prolong her life as much as possible, but she did not have more that six months. The pain she felt was unbearable, or so said the doctors, because even at that point my grandmother would never let you know she was suffering. She only did it so we would not worry about her. The doctors had to give her a special medicine that would keep her asleep because letting her feel the pain was not an option. She looked beautiful laying in her bed sleeping soundly, she felt no pain. The doctors told us to talk to her because even though she was asleep she could still hear us, so we did. My sister once told her that she could die in peace, without having to worry about leaving her family behind, because we would be alright, she had done her job perfectly. The next day she died. Even though everyone knew she was going to die, it was not easy for anyone. We had lost her forever and that was the reality we had to face. We all felt sorrowful after losing her and because the grief was insufferable no one thought that things could get worse, but they always can. Not more than two months had passed since the death of my grandmother when another tragedy hit the family. My uncle’s life was taken away from him for a gold chain that was not nearly as valuable as his life. A man snatched the chain while another man waited on a motorcycle nearby so they could easily flee, but my uncle was not going to let them do so. He started chasing the man that had taken the gold chain and knocked him to the ground. The man got a gun and without hesitation shot my uncle and got on the motorcycle. Resiliently, my uncle took the gun and shot the remaining bullets at the two men, but they were already too far away. My aunt was with him when it all happened, she witnessed it all. My family was barely processing my grandmother’s death and now we had to deal with another one. Indeed, the worst death is the death of a loved one, it can change your life forever, it makes you a different person. .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff , .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .postImageUrl , .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff , .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff:hover , .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff:visited , .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff:active { border:0!important; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff:active , .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd36a0b5b1ca50bee3ed3ac10092ccff:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Richard Wright's novel, Native Son, stirred up a r EssayThe worst part is when you realize that no matter how much time you spent with that person or how often you told them you loved them, it will simply never seem like it was enough. Even though death is the only certain thing in life, we always try to avoid it, we are afraid of it. In conclusion, the difference between life and death is a blink of an eye, life just has to be lived to the fullest so when death comes there are no regrets of things not done.

Shiyuan Li Essays (271 words) - Music, Classical Music,

Shiyuan Li Which Three famous people would I invite to dinner? If I ever had the opportunity to dine with Jay Chou, Green day, and Schubert, I would be beyond thrilled! Growing up I've listened to a lot of different music, but to me the one that would remind me of my heritage and home the most would be from Jay Chou. His music is expressive, lyrical, and poetic- all traits of Chinese music and style. I would ask him what inspired his music making and how he plans making music! I would tell him that his music has touched millions of Chinese teenagers growing up and that he has a lasting impact on our generation. One of the first American music I started listening to was Green Day. Their music is aggressively modern and a blast to listen to! It was rebellious and fun, and it really outlined my middle school to high school lifestyle. I would tell them that it was their music that inspired me to work with other talented musicians to play their music as well as bond together. Schubert is without a doubt my favorite classical composer. As a pianist, I've worked with many vocalist that do works of Shubert. His work inspires in me a desire to go behind the musical context and investigate on a more lyrical way, even if it is in a completely different language! Schubert is a crazy man and one can hear it from his music, the cold bloodiness and the craziness is overflowing!! It would be my dream to have dinner with these superstars!

Ed Gein essays

Ed Gein essays Thesis Statement: Edward Gein has gone though very hard times. His childhood lead up to what would be one of the most horrific crimes in the United States. I. The Beginnings of the Plainfield Butcher i. How she treated him with her illness b. Treatment of the townspeople towards Ed d. Events when Police went to Eds House c. Eds car was part of a side show at fairs until banned a. Sent to an asylum where declared insane a. Most of them Horror movies except for one Comedy Edward Theodore Gein was born on August 27, 1906, to Augusta and George Gein in La Crosse, Wisconsin. Eddie was the second of two boys born to the couple. The first was Henry who was seven years older than Eddie (Bell). Edwards mother Augusta was a very religious woman. She was determined to raise her sons according to strict moral code. She taught her son about the bible on a daily basis. She insisted the her children be taught of all of the immortality and looseness of women, hoping to discourage any sexual desires the boys might have had, for fear of then being cast down to hell (Bell). George, their father, was a weal man and an alcoholic, who had no say in the raising of his sons (Bell). The Gein family started a business the year that Eddie was born in La Crosse. This business brought a fair amount of money to support the family in a comfortable fashion. Augusta worked hard and saved the money so that the family could move to a more rural area away from the immortality of the city and the sinners that inhabited it. When Eddie was eight years old they moved to Plainfield, Wisconsin to a one-hundred-ninety-five acre farm, isolated from any evil influences that could disrupt her family. When Eddie became old enough to go to school his classmates shunned him because he was effeminate and shy. When he tried to make friends his mother would scold him (Bell). In 1940, George Gein, dropped dead from a heart atta...

Answers to Questions About Tense #3

Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 Answers to Questions About Tense #3 By Mark Nichol Three questions from readers about mixing tenses, and my responses to their questions, follow. 1. When I read the following quote recently, I wondered whether it’s wrong for all the verbs to be in the past tense: â€Å"Smith said he believed that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† What do you think? Reporting is generally presented in the past tense, but to continue to form verbs in the past tense may misrepresent the facts. At the time that Smith spoke, he held a belief that he presumably will hold into perpetuity, so the present tense of believe is appropriate here. However, whether the verb after company should be in present tense or past tense depends on whether the alleged intimidation is ongoing. That was not the case in this particular instance, but if that is not clear in the context of the complete article, the reporter should explicitly state whether the intimidation ended. The sentence should read, â€Å"Smith said he believes that the company was trying to intimidate employees into not participating in the panel’s efforts.† 2. Is the following sentence properly constructed?: â€Å"Launching nationwide on September 25, BankWorks is a new service offered by Banking Services, the same company that brought you BankTrack and BankData.† Somehow the variation in verb tenses (launching, is, brought) does not sit quite right with me, but I cannot say if it is wrong. Mixing tenses in sentences is fine, as long as each verb form is consistent with the tense for that piece of information. The service will launch in the future, but it is offered in the present, and the services BankTrack and BankData were established in the past, so the sentence is correct. 3. What are your thoughts are regarding tense usage for reported speech? Consider the following sentences: â€Å"John told me that he was married.† â€Å"John told me that he is married.† Which one should I use if I want to say that John was married at the time he said he was married and he is still married at the time of the reported speech? Write, â€Å"John told me that he is married† if he had a spouse at the time that he spoke to you. Write, â€Å"John told me that he was married† if John is now single. (Mixing of tenses is correct if the context warrants it, but it goes against the grain, and we’re so used to seeing it wrong, especially in nonprofessional writing, that it may seem incorrect.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Apply to, Apply for, and Apply withAbstract Nouns from AdjectivesWhen to use "an"

Sexual Harassment of Women in India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexual Harassment of Women in India - Essay Example India is predominantly a society where men are far more empowered than women. In spite of the fact that India is a rapidly developing country, yet most of the development is limited to few big cities. There are many regions within India where the cultural norms and lifestyle of people is very different from what is covered by the media or is known to people. India is largely a conservative society in which men are assigned the role of earning bread for the family and women are expected to take care of the family and look after domestic works. However, as the literacy rate of the Indian people has soared up over the decades, the tendency to let women work shoulder to shoulder with men has grown. Nevertheless, â€Å"these young people do not reject traditions governing relations between the sexes†. Accordingly, men see women as objects of sex even when they are their colleagues.

Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Marketing Plan - Assignment Example With a drug that is slow releasing and with a longer half-life, it is possible to improve the efficiency of therapy and increase patient’s confidence since they will not be required to take daily doses. The product will be provided by a new company (imagined for the purpose of the assignment). This will allow for flexibility in coming up with new ideas related to business and marketing strategy. An existing company may pose unexpected strategic barriers to the plan. The target audience for pharmaceutical companies is the drug chemists and pharmacists as well as other players in the health sector. These are the ones directly in contact with the target customer and will, therefore, link the product to the consumers. Similar products are available in the market. The REHZ drug is available as a combination of all the four main drugs used in pulmonary TB. The drug makes it more convenient for patients to take a single tablet as opposed to several tablets daily. Even with the existing similar product in the market, the new idea has a distinctive competitive advantage over the rest. This is because the REHZ is still taken daily, a factor which still does not improve on the efficiency. The new drug will not be required daily because of the slow, extended-release

Pfizer company Analysis Essay Example for Free

Pfizer company Analysis Essay Introduction Pfizer is a pharmaceutical company that is here to help us have a better health. It was founded in (1849) by two cousins Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart. It was made to discover and developing new ways to prevent and treat disease and also to improve health in the world. The company focuses on meeting the world help needs. Pfizer specializes in many medicines. They have medicines to help all health needs in the world. Throughout this report, I will be discussing all different kinds of medicines this company prescribes, the health and wellness of this company, the leadership and structure and many more important key points about Pfizer. I will also discuss the time line of this company on when events took place. Exploring the History of Pfizer Two cousins, Charles Pfizer and Charles Erhart from Germany open a small company with some money that was borrowed from Charles Pfizer father in (1849). Their first company was open in Brooklyn, New York in a section of Williamsburg. This small red brick building serves as everything, the office, warehouse, laboratory and the factory. Charles Pfizer was a chemist and Erhart was a confectioner and together they made their first product which was a palatable form of santonin. This product was an antiparasitic used to treat intestinal worms. The santonin was blend with almond-toffee flavoring and shape into a candy cone. It was a wonderful success and the company launch. (Pfizer 2009) In 1862, Pfizer launched its first domestic production of tartaric acid and cream of tartar. â€Å"Tartaric acid was used as a laxative and a skin coolant during the Civil War. The cream of tartar was a diuretic and a cleaning agent and also a vital drug to help meet the needs of the Union Army. Among these are iodine, morpahine, cholorform, camphor, and maercurials which are also used in the emerging field of photography.† (Pfizer 2009) By the (1968), the company doubles its side. It have increase it product line and also add 150 new employees. With the company growth, they buy a new building in Manhattan and moves it headquarters there. In (1880), the company started imported concentrates of lemon and lime which Pfizer begins manufacturing citric acid. They became the top producer of citric acid. Once the new drinks gain popularity; like Coca-Cola, Dr. Pepper and Pepsi-Cola, the demand for citric acid climbs the charts.  (Pfizer 2009) As the company double over the year, Pfizer opens an offices and warehouse in Chicago, Illinois, the first location outside the city limit of New York in (1882). On December 27, 1891, Charles Erhart dies and leaves a partnership worth over $250,000 to his son William. But in an agreement among Pfizer and Erhart, Pfizer could buy Erhart’s share at half inventory value. Pfizer became consolidating ownership of the company. (Pfizer 2009) â€Å"Pfizer files an official certificate of incorporation in the state of New Jersey, with authorized capital of $2 million divided into 20,000 shares of $100 each. Pfizer would remain a privately held company until June 22, 1942, when 240, 000 shares of new common stock were offered to the public. Charles Pfizer appointed his youngest son President at a special board meeting. Emile serves as President from (1906) to (1941) and briefly as Chairman in (1941). He was the last member of the family to be an activity member of the company. Charles Pfizer dies at the age of 82 while vacationing at his Newport, Rhode Island estate in 1906. The company has exceeded its sales to 3 million dollars by this time of Pfizer death. Once Pfizer dead, the board of director meets and name John Anderson as chairman of the company. Anderson first started working at Pfizer Inc as an office boy in (1873) and remained chairman until (1929) when he stepped down. (Pfizer 2009) A fermentation-free method of ascorbic acid was developed which was vitamin C. Pfizer was one of the biggest producers of vitamin C. Next came vitamin B-2, or riboflavin, and eventually develops a vitamin mix that includes riboflavin, thiamin, niacin, and iron. Pfizer had a miracle drug called penicillin. This drug was use for soldiers in the war. Pfizer receive an award on April 17, 1943 from the Army for it company’s contribution to the war. (Pfizer 2009) By the 1951, Pfizer have expanded its company in Belgium, Vrazil, Canada, Cuba, England, Mexico, Panama, and Puerto Rico. In (1952), Pfizer introduce an Agricultural Division of the company to offer anim al health problems in Terre Haute, Indiana. Pfizer also open another plant in England in (1955). This plant was a fermentation plant for research and development operations in Great Britain. The company was doing so well, they open another Pfizer pharmaceutical plant in Mexico, Italy, and Turkey. The company workers increase from 4,300 to over 7,000 workers in just one year. (Pfizer 2009) (In 1967), the company introduced its first one a day antibiotic called  Vibramycin (dozycycline hyclate). As the year over taken, Pfizer had a drug called Feldence that became one of the largest-selling prescription anti-inflammatory medications in the world. From 1984-1989, Pfizer had introduce four new drugs. The first drug was Glucotrol which is for diabetes. The next drug was Unasyn (ampicillin sulbasctam). It was an injectable antibiotic. They produced a medication for angina and hypertension which was Procardia XL that is a medication that you take once-a-day. (Pfizer 2009) In June (2001), Hank Mckinnell announces that Pfizer to become the world’s most valued company to patients, customers and the communities we live in everyday. He announced a commitment to fund the building of a regional treatment and training center on the campus of Makerere University in Kampala as part of the Academic Alliance for AIDS Care. As the years passed by, Pfizer announces the launch of a three-year initiative to provide grants to support training and capacity building for HIV/AIDS in developing countries in (2002). (Pfizer 2009) In 2003 research and development received over $7.1 billion of investment from Pfizer. They start on a new medication to treat migraines called Relpax. The US Food and Drug Administration approved the first treatment drug called Lyrica to treat neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in two forms. This drug also helps treat adults with epilepsy with partial onset seizures. On October 15, 2009, Pfizer wanted to help the lives of the patients and consumers by creating a company with on training products and therapies. (Pfizer 2009) Pfizer Pfizer have three different section of within their company. Pfizer is a incorporation which is a public company that was established in 1849. It is there to discover, develops, manufactures and market human and animal pharmaceuticals drugs. The Pfizer Inc. Corporate Giving Program is a complement of its foundation. Its corporate makes charitable contributions to nonprofit organizations directly. But last not least, The Pfizer foundation supports programs designed to promote access to quality health care and support the involvement of Pfizer community colleagues. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) The foundation have special emphasis in four strategies. The first strategy is to improve health care for people in need. The second strategy is to teach individuals about health care and a  way to prevent things from happening to health care workers and individuals as a whole. Third strategy is to increasing the faculty of health organizations to provide care to people in need. But last, to measure the impact by serving partnership with experts to be able to share the best practice offer. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Pfizer leadership and Structure This company is made up of the best senior level executive personnel and the best decision-making board member there is offer. This board was brought together to focus on the major decisions of the company. Pfizer had several kinds of health care businesses. Pfizer had businesses such as Capsugel, Oncoogy, Nutrition, and Animal Health. Each company was run by a top executive who had very good knowledge of the company and products. (Pfizer 2009) The Board of Directors is elected annually by shareholders. They are the decision-making body of the company with the help of the shareholders. The Board selects the senior management team, which is charged with the conduct of the Company’s business. The board currently has 16 directors. (Pfizer 2009) Corporate Governance Pfizer was the first company to establish a corporate governance department. Pfizer understand to be trusted by public, they must have a good corporate governance and transparency. Pfizer stated â€Å"In order to create and sustain value for our stakeholders, and for society as a whole, we must first practice responsible business principles.† â€Å"And, we must take into account our stakeholders’ interests and be held accountable to them.† As reading the quote above from Pfizer Company, it clearly states that public opinion matter the most to them. The company want to make sure everyone have some kind of involves with their business. (Pfizer 2009) Public Policy Pfizer has a public policy select in its company. That’s a way the company communicate to people who have a part in their company. The public will be able to have discussing about the company and its product. The public policy is made so that the public can response to item to help improve the company to have better product and also to introduce new product into the company. (Pfizer 2009) Phrases of Development Pfizer Company has four different phrases of clinical development which new drugs are developed through a series of trails. Phrase 1, the company have healthy individual to volunteer for an experiential medicine which is called investigational new drug. This medicine is design to cure a disease which the volunteer currently have. A low dose of this medication is administered to the individual with highly supervision. The volunteer is watch very closed to record it responds to the medication to measure the doses that is best for that individual. (Pfizer 2009) In the second phrase, the drug is watched much closer to see what method is best for the individual. The method can be ever an oral or injection method. These patients for this stage are highly recommended by doctors or is a patient that has the disease that the drug is believed to treat. Phrase 3 is basically checking the results of the experiment to make sure the drug is working properly. The last phrase gather all the result form the trail period to make sure everything when as occurring as plan. They gather all the information on the drug about any risk that could occur while testing this drug on individuals. (Pfizer 2009) Programs Pfizer have many grants that they give out to university, foundation and other organizations. Pfizer also have many programs within it company. I will list and discuss some of the programs:  ConnectHIV: The foundation supports programs designed to serve communicates that are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS through grants to 20 mid-sized AIDS service organizations in the 10 states of the US with the highest number of new AIDS cases. The program is designed to prevent new infections to high-risk populations and delay disease progression for those already infected by supporting ASOs that take a comprehensive approach to presentation, access to care, and treatment. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Science in Schools: The foundation supports programs designed to improve education in communities around the world. Special emphasis is directed toward programs designed to build fully-equipped science labs and math classrooms to train local science teachers and develop initiatives to  encourage corporations and individuals to partner with local schools. It also helps teachers to study science in order to bring innovative knowledge and technology into the classroom. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Volunteer Programs (PVP): The foundation awards grants up to $1,500 to performing arts groups, museums, agencies serving the elderly, schools, libraries, hospitals, and community health organizations which employees and retirees of Pfizer volunteer. (National Directory of Corporate Giving) Matching Gift: The foundation matches contributions made by employees and retirees of Pfizer to nonprofits organizations on a one for one basis. (National Directory of Corporate Giving)  Global Health Partnerships: Advancing Caner and Tobacco Control: The foundation support the partnership of public health in the areas of tobacco independence and oncology. It important is directed toward programs with impact serving as global models in improving cancer-related health outcomes, supporting cancer control and encouraging tobacco independence. Pfizer Animal Health Pfizer is one of the world leaders in Veterinary-prescription medicines. Pfizer supports the veterinarians and animal food producer in making sure food is healthy for animals. Making sure the food is healthy for the animal ensures they will live a longer live. Pfizer also help support the veterinary to prevent animal illness. Articles The next half of my research will be discussing articles that I have researched on about Pfizer found in different magazines. I will be at the best of my knowledge summary the article to assure your understanding. I will also attached copies of the article at the end of the paper. â€Å"Will Pfizer’s giveaway drugs polish its public image?† The first article I will summarize is â€Å"Will Pfizer’s giveaway drugs polish its public image? This article was much unexpected. Pfizer decided to have a giveaway on drugs to reconstruct their company in August 2009. They made this service available for people who have lost their jobs. Pfizer have helped people out before financial but not a giveaway drugs day. Other pharmaceutical  industry wants to do the same thing to help other out also. Pfizer believer this was a good way of letting the public now that curing the disease is the main thing that is important to their company. I believe this article surprise a lot of people all over the world. It was a good thing that Pfizer decide to giveaway drugs to help the people in needed. I think all pharmaceutical company should at least try this once a year to improve their rating of their company. If other company participates in these events, their sells will increase over time. It’s also important that other people are concern about your health as well as yourself. This giveaway made a lot of people happy expressly the one that could afford to buy these drugs on their own.

Melindas Improvement :: essays research papers

For the past few weeks, we have been reading the book Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson. The book is about a girl named Melinda Sordino, who for the most part refused to speak or interact with others after being raped at a end-of-the-summer party before the start of her freshman year in highschool. Ever since she was raped, she completely changed. However, I think she shows signs of improvement during the second half of the year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the party, Melinda rarely talked to anybody, including her parents. Nevertheless, I noticed that during the second semester of the year she talked considerably more. â€Å"All right, but you said we had to put emotion into our art. I don’t know what that means. I don’t know what I’m supposed to feel.†(p122). This quote is from the third marking period when Melinda was talking to her art teacher Mr.Freeman. I believe that she wouldn’t have said anything had it been earlier in the year. â€Å"Stinks. It was a mistake to sign up for art. I just couldn’t see myself taking wood shop.†(p.146). This quote is another example of Melinda talking, this time to Ivy in the mall. I think these quotes prove that Melinda starts talking more as the year progresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the year, I noticed that Melinda wasn’t very active or social. For the most part, she avoided most social activities. She seemed to prefer to be alone inside her closet. But during the second semester, I noticed that this started to change. â€Å"I start on the leaves suffocating the bushes†(p.166). This quote describes Melinda going outside and doing yard work on her own without being asked to, which I don’t think she would have done before. Another example is when she asked her dad to bring her some flower seeds(p.168). There quotes prove that Melinda definitely becomes more active during the second half on the year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the year started, Melinda did poorly in school. She often used stolen late passes and rarely did homework. By the end of the year this was much different. In the third marking period, Melinda says how she showed up to class every day throughout the semester, did some homework, and didn’t cheat on any tests. I see this as a vast improvement. Melindas Improvement :: essays research papers For the past few weeks, we have been reading the book Speak, by Laurie Halse Anderson. The book is about a girl named Melinda Sordino, who for the most part refused to speak or interact with others after being raped at a end-of-the-summer party before the start of her freshman year in highschool. Ever since she was raped, she completely changed. However, I think she shows signs of improvement during the second half of the year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the party, Melinda rarely talked to anybody, including her parents. Nevertheless, I noticed that during the second semester of the year she talked considerably more. â€Å"All right, but you said we had to put emotion into our art. I don’t know what that means. I don’t know what I’m supposed to feel.†(p122). This quote is from the third marking period when Melinda was talking to her art teacher Mr.Freeman. I believe that she wouldn’t have said anything had it been earlier in the year. â€Å"Stinks. It was a mistake to sign up for art. I just couldn’t see myself taking wood shop.†(p.146). This quote is another example of Melinda talking, this time to Ivy in the mall. I think these quotes prove that Melinda starts talking more as the year progresses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of the year, I noticed that Melinda wasn’t very active or social. For the most part, she avoided most social activities. She seemed to prefer to be alone inside her closet. But during the second semester, I noticed that this started to change. â€Å"I start on the leaves suffocating the bushes†(p.166). This quote describes Melinda going outside and doing yard work on her own without being asked to, which I don’t think she would have done before. Another example is when she asked her dad to bring her some flower seeds(p.168). There quotes prove that Melinda definitely becomes more active during the second half on the year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the year started, Melinda did poorly in school. She often used stolen late passes and rarely did homework. By the end of the year this was much different. In the third marking period, Melinda says how she showed up to class every day throughout the semester, did some homework, and didn’t cheat on any tests. I see this as a vast improvement.

Taboo

What is taboo? Taboo is human activity that is forbidden based on moral judgment. Anything that is not accepted by society or by your peers is considered taboo. This perfectly awful word has so many meanings ,yet no matter what race, religion, or culture your in it means forbidden or banned. No matter how hard you try not to be taboo you are. So is being taboo part of human nature, or is it how we try to stand out from everybody else and show individuality? Are you taboo, do you know someone who is taboo?There is no taboo that is universal, but some occur in the majority of societies. The dietary practices of some people are considered taboo, for instance some are vegetarians, kosher diets, cannibalism, or meat-eaters. Judaism prohibits the eating of bats, frogs, crocodiles, or snakes. Cow or beef is taboo to be eaten by vegetarian, Hindus, or Zoroastrians. Dog meat is taboo in the United States, they are considered part of the family. While in China dogs are bred for their meat, one example of this is the Chow Chow.Prince Philip of the United Kingdom once said â€Å"If it has four legs and is not a chair, has wings and is not an aero plane, or swims and is not a submarine, the Cantonese will eat it. † Once again everybody is taboo. I personally love to eat frog and beef. It is taboo in my eyes not to eat meat ,but that is because I am a meat-eater. The way people show or deal with their body function, such as burping, flatulence, defecating, and urinating are all forms of taboo. In the United States it is considered taboo to defecate or urinate in public.While in India, they teach to drink cow urine and eat cow feces. We all try to avoid doing things we think are taboo. People deal with things they think are different in different ways. Some turn their heads when they are faced with something or someone they find ugly or repulsive. The way people stare with added expressions when they see something different then what they consider normal, anything from a personal choice to birth defects. Even in relationships there is and will always be taboos. Sex outside of arriage, adultery, miscegenation, and incest are all forms of taboos in relationships. In the United States adultery and incest are very taboo, but in Wodaabe ,men of Niger steal each others wives even if they already have one. So adultery is taboo here over there it is accepted and condoned. Miscegenation was taboo in the United States until 1967 when they said it was unconstitutional. Taboo is in the politics of everyday living. For the United States fascism, communism, and anarchism are all taboo.While in China and Vietnam both accept and have a communism government. In early German the Nazism was taboo because of the fascism. Taboo was brought to the English language by Captain James Cook, and English explorer who visited Tonga. A famous American author Henry Miller said â€Å" whenever a taboo is broken, something good happens, something vitalizing. Taboos after all ar e only hangovers, the product of diseased minds, you might say, of fearsome people who hadn’t the courage to live and who under the guise of morality and religion have imposed these things upon us. So do not shun or avoid , accept everybody’s taboos because when they look at you they see all your taboos to them. Taboos are everywhere and in everything, because if there wasn’t then this would be a boring world to live. Could you imagine if everybody was doing the same thing, everything going the same direction ,no disorder, or no rebellion it would be very bland. In the end no one is perfect, and even if it might be considered taboo, whatever it is. The taboos we have or don’t have make us all unique and special.

Cyp 3.2 Promote Young Person and Child Development

CYP 3. 2 Promote Young Person and Child Development Be able to assess the development needs of children and young people and prepare a development plan What are the most relevant factors to be aware of when assessing a child or young person’s development? All children and young people are different and have different needs. Similarly, a family’s ability to respond to and meet all their needs may also differ. In some circumstances, professional assessment may be required to identify strengths and needs, to ensure that all children, young people and their families receive appropriate support.Assessment may take place in a wide range of situations and for a variety of purposes, for example:  · A teacher’s assessment of a child’s educational attainment at key stages of the national curriculum, to determine future learning plans.  · A paediatric assessment to ensure that a child has reached the appropriate developmental milestones and to monitor progress. à ‚ · A Connexions personal adviser’s assessment of a young person’s strengths and barriers to participation in learning to provide feedback and motivation. An educational psychologist’s assessment of a child or young person’s special educational needs to identify their educational strengths and needs.  · A social worker’s assessment of a child’s home situation, to determine if they are at risk of harm. Each of these types of assessment has a clearly defined purpose and it is important to note that the role and function of assessment may vary according to the context. Factors to take into consideration are: Health General healthThe unborn, infant, child or young person's current health condition (for example, conditions of relevance to an infant, child or young person, including growth, development, physical and mental well-being). Also includes consideration of: * health conditions or impairments which significantly affect everyday life fun ctioning whether chronic or acute, including obesity; unborn child is not developing adequately; * access to and use of appropriate health services (by mother in case of unborn), uch as those provided by a GP/dentist/optician, immunisations and appropriate developmental checks; * number and frequency of hospital admissions and accidents (of mother where unborn); * Access to and use of appropriate health advice and information, for example, diet, sexual health and management of any health condition such as diabetes or asthma (where unborn, mother is following advice). Physical Development: â€Å"Physical Development† refers to the infant, child or young person's means of mobility, level of physical or sexual maturity/delayed development.Factors to be taken into consideration include: * being well-nourished, being active, rested and protected, gaining control of the body, acquiring physcial skills; * vision and hearing; * fine and gross motor skills including: –  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  crawling, walking, running and climbing;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  participation in football or other games;   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€œÃ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ability to draw pictures, do  jigsaws etc. Speech, Language and Communications Development The ability to communicate effectively, confidently and appropriately with others.Also includes consideration of: * preferred means of communication; * use of first language; * ability to gain attention and make contact, access positive relationships, be with others, encourage conversation; * the impulse to communicate, exploring, experiment, labelling and expressing, describing, questioning, representing and predicting, sharing thoughts, feelings and ideas; * listening and paying attention to what others say, making playful and serious responses, enjoying and sharing stories, songs, rhymes and games, learning about words and meanings; * vision and hearing; abil ity to communicate meaning, influence others, negotiate and make choices, understanding of others; * language for communicating and thinking; * linking sounds and letters; * reading and writing; * willingness to communicate; * articulation skills and language structure; * vocabulary and comprehension; * fluency of speech and confidence; * appropriateness of social and communications skills, for example, body language, excessive use of expletives or inappropriate language. Emotional and Social Development The emotional and social response the infant, child or young person gives to parents, carers and others outside the family.Also includes consideration of: * the importance of being special to someone, being able to express feelings, developing healthy dependence, developing healthy independence; * nature and quality of early attachments; * self-harm or risk of self-harm; * phobias or psychological difficulties; fears or psychological difficulties such as persistent sadness or tearfu lness; * temperament, coping and adjusting abilities for example, after experiencing domestic violence, bereavement or family relationship breakdown; * disposition, attitudes and motivation to change.Behavioural Development The behaviour of the child or young person and whether behaviour occurs in a particular setting or all settings. Also includes consideration of: * lifestyle and self-control (including participation in reckless activity and need for excitement); * behaviour in class or other environments where the child or young person comes into contact with their peers; * whether undiagnosed conditions may be impacting on behaviour (eg. earing or visual impairment); * substance misuse (includes alcohol and volatile substance misuse and controlled drugs under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971); * anti-social behaviour for example, destruction of property, aggression towards others, harm or risk of harm to others; * sexually inappropriate behaviour and attempts to manipulate or contro l others; * early sexual activity, unprotected sex, lack of reflection or positive decision making about sex and relationships; * offending behaviour and risk of re)offending; * violent or aggressive behaviour at home or school; * attitudes to offending; * over activity, attentiveness, concentration and impulsive behaviour Identity, including self-esteem, self-image and social presentation   The growing sense of self as a separate and valued person.Also includes consideration of: * growing awareness of self, realisation of separateness and differences from others, recognition of personal characteristics and preferences, finding out what they can do; * importance of gaining self-assurance through a close relationship, becoming confident in what they can do, valuing and appreciating their own abilities, feeling self-assured and supported, a positive view of themselves; * knowledge of personal and family history; access to recognition, acceptance and comfort, ability to contribute to secure relationships, understanding they can be valued by and important to someone, exploring emotional boundaries; * sense of belonging, being able to join in, enjoying being with familiar and trusted others, valuing individuality and contributions of self and others, having a role and identity within a group, acceptance by those around them; * race, religion, age, gender, sexuality and disability – may be affected by bullying or discriminatory behaviour; understanding of the way in which appearance and behaviour are perceived and the impression being created.Family and Social Relationships The ability to empathise and build stable and affectionate relationships with others, including  family, peers and the wider community. Also includes consideration of: * stable and affectionate relationships with parents or caregivers; * sibling relationships; * involvement in helping  others; * age-appropriate friendships; * association with predominantly pro-criminal peers or lack of non-criminal friends; * understanding of  others and awareness of consequences; * association with substance-misusing friends/peer groups.Give examples of how you can assess a child or young person’s development in the following areas. Physical development- When we refer to physical development we are looking at factors such as gross motor(which indicates large muscle development such as walking or swinging our arms) and fine motor (more intricate movements such as picking up objects or writing). This is a relatively easy assessment to carry out. If we have regular contact with the child or young person we can usually measure and weigh that individual on a weekly or bi-weekly basis. Over a short period of time it would soon become apparent if there was any cause for concern.We can also observe children as they play and interact. For example can they climb, skip, use a rope and coordinate their hand to eye movements. Communication and speech development: By speech we mean * The speech sounds children use to build up words, saying sounds accurately and in the right places. * Speaking fluently, without hesitating, prolonging or repeating words or sounds. * Speaking with expression and a clear voice, using pitch, volume and intonation to support meaning. By communication we mean the way in which language is used to interact with others * Using language in different ways; to question, clarify, describe and debate. Using non-verbal rules of communication: listening, looking, knowing how to take verbal turns and how to change language use to suit the situation. * The ability to take into account other people’s perspectives, intentions and wider context This can be assessed by observing the way in which a child or young person interacts with us, their parents or their social groups. We can also spend time with younger children by getting them to repeat words or have short, fun conversations with them.When assessing them we can look out for any irreg ularities such as stutters, speech impediments or factors that may be affecting listening skills etc. Cognitive or intellectual development Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. It was once believed that infants lacked the ability to think or form complex ideas and remained without cognition until they learned language. It is now known that babies are aware of their surroundings and interested in exploration from the time they are born.From birth, babies begin to actively learn. They gather, sort, and process information from around them, using the data to develop perception and thinking skills. Cognitive development refers to how a person perceives, thinks, and gains understanding of his or her world through the interaction of genetic and learned factors. Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence reasoning, l anguage, development and memory A broad range of assessment measures should be used to gain a full understanding of a pre-schooler’s functioning (e. . , parent and teacher reports, behavioural observation, detailed developmental history, and play-based assessment, in addition to traditional cognitive tests). Social/behavioural/emotional development Healthy social-emotional development includes the ability to: * Form and sustain positive relationships * Experience, manage, and express emotions * Explore and engage with the environment Children with well-developed social-emotional skills are also more able to: * Express their ideas and feelings * Display empathy towards others Manage their feelings of frustration and disappointment more easily * Feel self-confident * More easily make and develop friendships * Succeed in school Social-emotional development provides the foundation for how we feel about ourselves and how we experience others. This foundation begins the day we are born and continues to develop throughout our lifespan. The greatest influence on a child’s social-emotional development is the quality of the relationships that he develops with his primary caregivers.Positive and nurturing early experiences and relationships have a significant impact on a child’s social-emotional development. We can assess the emotional, social and behavioural development of the children who are in our care by recording behaviour patterns such as temper tantrums, physical confrontations and playful interactions.. These findings can be recorded on charts and in diaries on a regular basis. Moral development Moral development focuses on the emergence, change, and understanding of morality from infancy through adulthood.In the field of moral development, morality is defined as principles for how individuals ought to treat one another, with respect to justice, others’ welfare, and rights. In order to investigate how individuals understand morality, it is essential to measure their beliefs, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors that contribute to moral understanding. The field of moral development studies the role of peers and parents in facilitating moral development, the role of conscience and values, socialization and cultural influences, empathy and altruism, and positive development.The interest in morality spans many disciplines (e. g. , philosophy, economics, biology, and political science) and specializations within psychology (e. g. , social, cognitive, and cultural). Moral developmental psychology research focuses on questions of origins and change in morality across the lifespan Essentially it is the process in which children learn right from wrong, this is learned behaviour as a child will learn from its primary carer. We can assess what a young person or child is learning with regards to their morale’s by observing their behaviour towards thers. It is also possible to present certain dilemma’s under cont rolled circumstances to that child. Example: â€Å"Who is Naughtier? † Piaget determined that younger children judge bad behavior by the amount of damage caused by a person's behavior. He would tell children a story with a moral dilemma. He would ask them to tell him â€Å"who is naughtier:† a boy who accidentally broke fifteen cups or a boy who breaks one cup trying to reach a jam jar when his mother is not around.Younger children attributed the â€Å"naughty† behavior to the boy who broke the most cups regardless of the other child's intent. This type of moral reasoning was called Objective Morality or Moral Realism. Older children attributed bad behavior to the boy who broke only one cup because his motives where bad. This, more advanced form of moral reasoning was called Subjective Morality or Autonomous Morality. Piaget did not feel that children fully achieved this stage of moral development before the ages of twelve or thirteen. Similar essay: How Different Types of Transitions Can Affect Children

Recreational Rugby Games Physical Education Essay Essays

Recreational Rugby Games Physical Education Essay Essays Recreational Rugby Games Physical Education Essay Essay Recreational Rugby Games Physical Education Essay Essay A great figure of hurts occur in the context of recreational rugger games. It has been by and large presumed that after a athleticss hurt, the athleticss hurt direction programme is extremely depend on conformity to athleticss physical therapist recommended rehabilitation government. Even the best intervention program made by athleticss healer specially designed for the patients could non vouch that the patient would follow that intervention program. Effectiveness of the specially designed intervention program depends on the conformity of the patient. Conformity to the athleticss hurt direction plan is by and large less so hundred per centum ( Spetch and Kolt, 2001 ) . Bassett ( 2003 ) found that 65 % of jocks are either, following their rehabilitation plan to the full or partly and 10 % of jocks did non follow their specially designed athleticss specific intervention program at all. TheA England Rugby Injury A ; Training Audit, the universe s largest uninterrupted hurt survey in professional rugger brotherhood, carried out by Kemp et Al ( 2009 ) reported that the 6th season of the survey recorded 769 lucifer hurts from the Guinness Premiership, EDF Energy Cup and European competitions and 258 preparation hurts. Simon et Al ( 2009 ) pointed out that the likeliness of prolonging a match hurt increased in the 2008-9 season, change by reversaling the downward tendency that had been established since the 2002-3 season. For an early return to athleticss, when recreational rugger participants were injured, they need athleticss specific hurt rehabilitation. Since the athleticss healer is the first point of contact after the rugger participant is injured on the pitch, they the athleticss healer are, hence in a exclusive place to analyze the participant s wellness position and to impact the athleticss specific hurt intervention. Sports therapy is a vivacious profession that entails a athleticss healer to be proficient in a figure of different fortes. Although, the athleticss healer must be qualified and experienced to take full charge of the physical side of the athleticss hurt intervention, for a athleticss healer merely to cognize how to look into, analyze and handle a athleticss hurt is non an equal sufficiency to vouch that an recreational rugger football participant is able to be rehabilitated as fleetly and efficaciously as possible. An imperative characteristic of the athleticss physical therapist duty is to near concerns of attachment to the athleticss specific hurt intervention, and to pass on efficaciously with the participant to do certain that they endeavour the indispensable ability to rush up their rehabilitation. The athleticss healer acknowledges the significance of psychological factors in athleticss specific hurt direction attachment ( Board of Certification Role Delineation Study, 2004 ) . It is of import that the therapist gets making and preparation in the psychological side of the participants hurt, although most accept that they did non acquire any athleticss psychological rehabilitation preparation ( Roh A ; Perna, 2000 ) . Nevertheless, placing the variables that are important in advancing attachment and integrating attacks to cover with these factors is a complex affairs. Shuer A ; Dietrich, ( 1997 ) argued that practicians have investigated athleticss hurts from orthopedic point of view, but psychological intervention of recreational rugger participants has non been to the full addressed. Fisher, Mullins A ; Frye ( 1993 ) argued that literature, concentrating on athleticss specific hurt intervention, could be divided into three typical classs ; athleticss therapist communicating with the participant, athleticss specific hurt direction characteristics and injured amateur rugger participant s features. Research workers have found that the participants respon ses and consciousness have been affected by their psychological properties. To be near to the athleticss therapy clinic enhance engagement and a friendly ambiance is favorable to the athleticss hurt rehabilitation attachment ( Fisher A ; Hoisington, 1993 ) . Prentice ( 1994 ) stated that recreational rugger participants sentiment of the athleticss healer besides influence the association between the participant and the athleticss healer and impact the athleticss hurt attachment. Investigating the positions of this professional association can better the athleticss physical therapist constructs of the recreational rugger participants attitudes of, and contentment with, their athleticss healer ( Fisher A ; Hoisington, 1993 ) . Unruh ( 1998 ) pointed out that if the rugger participant is satisfied with the athleticss physiotherapist hurt rehabilitation direction, so he/she would hold more self confidence in the athleticss healer during the athleticss specific hurt rehabilitation direction plan. Fitzpatrick ( 1991 ) argued that patient contentment surveies with their athleticss healers supported the principal that if the rugger participants are more satisfied with the athleticss healer, the more they will swear him/her. Even though, the association between the athleticss healer and rugger participants is decisive, none of the research examined that how a athleticss healer can explicate or represent a connexion to optimise their attachment. Brook et Al ( 2005 ) argued that in the last decennary amateur rugger participants got injured at a higher rate. Since a speedy return, and continuance in public presentation, is straight related to the consequences of athleticss hurts, how an recreational rugger football participant trades with it, so further research refering the psychological side of participants is of all time more important. However, the bulk of literature that has focused on hurt rehabilitation has concentrated on the musculoskeletal facets and until late has ignored the emotional characteristic that could potentially play a important function for professional jocks. With some exclusions the psychological research to day of the month has chiefly concentrated on specific factors that influence an jock s rehabilitation, such as societal support ( Bianco, 2001 ) , attachment ( pizzari et Al, 2002 ) , self assurance ( Magyr and Dua, 2000 ) , get bying and psychological accomplishments. Tracey ( 2003 ) has suggested that both primary and secondary assessments fluctuate depending upon the personal and situational factors of each single jock. However, there are important relationships between the primary and secondary assessment and copying schemes. Shelly ( 1999, p. 306 ) called for farther probe into the alone perceptual experiences and positions of injured jocks during rehabilitation as a agency of adding deepness to the research. The usage of qualitative informations aggregation on multiple occasions allows injured jocks to reflect on their experiences as they happen and to size up alterations over clip ( Podlog and Eklund, 2006 ) . Attachment has been defined as an active, voluntary engagement of the patient in a reciprocally acceptable class of behavior to bring forth a coveted preventive or curative consequence. Adherence behavior in athleticss hurt rehabilitation may include clinic-based activities, modifying athleticss activities, taking medicines, and finishing place based activities. A figure of beginnings, including studies with athleticss medical specialty professionals, and research surveies, suggested that low and non-adherence could be an issue in athleticss therapy pattern. In the last decennary the primary focal point of the surveies, carried out by research workers, to look into the athleticss hurt rehabilitation was to place forecasters of attachment behavior. Brewer ( 2004 ) argued that in order to pull decisions about the most important issues impacting attachment to athleticss specific hurt rehabilitation, extra research is required. Qualitative research proposes a complementary attack to quantitative surveies in understanding athleticss specific hurt rehabilitation in recreational rugger football participants. Qualitative research besides outlines new factors for contemplation and provides farther support to old findings. The intent of this qualitative survey was to research recreational rugger football participant s experiences and perceptual experiences of adhering to a sport hurt rehabilitation plan. In this survey, the research worker used interviews to look into their attitudes and contentment with their athleticss therapy rehabilitation. Qualitative research methodological analysis focuses on persons lived experiences as they are presented in ideas, thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and perceptual experiences. Stake ( 1995 ) suggested that qualitative research gives a new attack to happening out more cognition into the multifaceted association which took topographic point during athleticss hurt direction. This survey would research the position of research on the athletics hurt rehabilitation attachment. Studies placing variables that are correlated with attachment would be synthesized to bring forth a organic structure of cognition that will help in the account of single behavioral responses towards hurt rehabilitation plans. From this qualitative probe, utilizing thematic cryptography of the interview informations, classs of variables act uponing attachment would emerged. In this survey, the research worker would analyze acquiescence among armature rugger football participants during rehabilitation. In order to better amateur rugger football participants adherence to the athleticss specific rehabilitation programme, schemes would be outlined for the athleticss physical therapists. The forecasters of sport hurt rehabilitation attachment would be discussed, schemes to heighten rehabilitation attachment would be reported, and considerations for future research would be suggested. This survey would supply valuable information that could be used by research workers and athleticss therapy practicians to place schemes that should enable athleticss healers to construction an independent supportive ambiance that would advance higher degrees of self-regulation, enthusiasm, and strength of head. This will assist to better attachment to the rehabilitation programmes.

11 Things You Must Avoid During ACT Practice Tests

Things You Must Avoid During ACT Practice Tests SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you’re using practice tests for your ACT prep, great job! That’s the best way to prepare for the ACT, but how do you make sure you’re learning from each ACT practice exam you take? How do you make sure you’re really prepared for the actual ACT? You must sit for each ACT practice exam with realistic testing conditions. What might you be doing (maybe on accident) that’s destroying your realistic testing conditions? #1: Not Using Accurate ACT Timing When taking ACT practice test, you need to use the exact timing from the real ACT.The ACT is extremely tough on time. It’s a very fast-paced test.If you’re not using the actual timing in your practice, you won’t be ready the day of your ACT test. Use the real ACT time on your practice test, so you have your pacing down when you take the real ACT.Think of ACT prep like marathon training. You wouldn’t show up to run a marathon without timing your practice runs and expect to win 1st place. Do you know the exact timing of the ACT?If not, you can find the time allowed for each ACT section listed on the first page of that section of the practice test. See below: If you’d like to know more about timing, read about the exact timing of the ACT. #2: Using Your Cell Phone Wait, Dora, didn’t you just say I need to time my ACT practice tests, and if I can’t use my cell phone, how do I do that?You need to use a watch.If you ignore my advice and use your cell phone to keep time, you’ll likely feel a little lost in timing when you’re not able to use your cell phone the day of the test. (NOTE: you can’t use your phone at all at your test center even during the test breaks). So don’t use your cell phone! Buy an inexpensive watch like this one which you could use when you take the real ACT.Buy the watch now so that you can start using it during practice tests, so you get familiar using it to pace yourself. But, Dora, what if I time myself with my cell phone in airplane mode?No!!!That’s better than using your cell phone in regular mode. However, you will still feel lost the day of the test when you can’t use it to time yourself the day of the test. Dora, what if I need to use my cell phone as a calculator?BAD!As I said, you won’t have access to your cell phone at all while at your test center, so buy yourself an approved calculator now if you don’t have one and use it during your practice on ACT Math. You can check Instagram when your practice test is over! #3: Using Your Calculator During the Entire ACT Practice Test While we’re talking about calculators, remember you can only use your calculator on the math section.Do not have your calculator on your desk for the Reading, Writing, Science, and the Essay.Only have your calculator during the one math section that allows you to use a calculator. #4: Watching TV, Listening to Music, and/or Wearing Ear Plugs Some students watch tv and/or listen to music while taking ACT practice tests, and it will be a distraction, decreasing their score because they can’t concentrate.Others watch tv and/or listen to music, and it helps them maintain their focus, artificially increasing their score.Whichever category you fall into, you should never have the TV or music playing while you take an ACT practice test.Familiarize yourself with taking the ACT in a quiet room. However, you cannot wear ear plugs during your practice tests.I understand many people like wearing ear plugs because it cuts out background noise and helps maintain focus.The ACT doesn’t allow you to wear ear plugs. Get used to hearing background noise as you take your practice tests because when you take the ACT, you’ll have to deal with background sounds of paper moving, pencils writing, erasers rubbing, and more. #5: Eating and/or Drinking At the real ACT, you cannot eat during the test.However, you’ll be able to eat and drink outside of your testing room during the breaks.Don’t eat/drink while taking your ACT practice tests (except during breaks). There are two important reasons not to:If you're attempting to eat/drink and take the test at the same time, you may be very distracted and reduce your score.Also, you get a boost of energy when you eat or drink.This boost may make the ACT seem â€Å"easier.†Then, on the real ACT, you might be surprised when the ACT seems â€Å"longer† and â€Å"more difficult† because you don’t have the artificial energy boost from food/drink. As I’ve said earlier, the ACT is like a marathon.Train for it with the same intensity.During your ACT practice, only have food/drink during the breaks. No food or drink! #6: Taking Extra Restroom Breaks You will not be allowed to leave your test to go to the restroom.You’ll be forced to wait to go to the restroom until the breaks.You need to get familiar with holding it until the break! Practice this during your ACT practice tests.You don’t want to be thinking about how badly you need to use the restroom while trying to concentrate on your ACT. I strongly suggest you use the bathroom right before the ACT begins (or you start your ACT practice test), so you start with an empty tank. #7: Not Sitting at a Desk Where you take your ACT practice test is significant, don’t take the test on your couch or in your bed!Take the ACT practice tests while sitting upright at a desk.If you ignore me and take your practice tests on the couch/bed, you might feel strange during the actual ACT when you’re forced to sit at a new, uncomfortable desk for four hours. Make sure your practice test environment is just like the actual ACT test environment.You should be sitting at empty desk or table with nothing other than your ACT practice test print out, pencils, erasers, and calculator (when allowed). Sit at a nice clean desk! #8: Splitting the ACT Practice Test Over a Few Days At the start, I said the ACT is like a marathon.Marathon runners aren’t permitted to split up a marathon over a few days.You must practice taking full-length ACTs.I understand if you don’t have 4 hours every day to take a full-length practice ACT, but you should take at least two full-length practice tests before taking the real ACT. On the days where you don’t have time for the whole practice test, you need to complete at least one full section of the ACT.For example, take the full 60-minute math section without any breaks.If you sit for just one section, the same rules mentioned in this article apply: no phone, no extra bathroom breaks, etc. #9: Not Filling Out the Scantron I know it’s tempting to forget about the scantron and just to circle the answers in your ACT practice test.Using a scantron can be tricky, so you don’t want your first time using one to be on the real ACT.While doing ACT practice tests, bubble in your answers as you work through each section. Practice bubbling in so that you don’t accidentally bubble in wrong answers the day of the real ACT.If you have some time at the end of the section, I recommend checking your scantron answers with your booklet answers to make sure you didn’t accidentally bubble any answers incorrectly. #10: Using Pen While practicing with the scantron, you also must use a pencil and eraser!You’re required to use a #2 pencil on the ACT (not even a mechanical pencil!).I suggest you have at least 3 sharpened #2 pencils when you take the ACT. Additionally, you should bring a basic pencil sharpener and a big eraser.Take your ACT practice tests with these items. On the real ACT, you want to feel confident and comfortable.To get that feeling, you need your ACT practice to be as similar as possible to the real testing environment!Get familiar having these supplies on your desk. Get comfortable sharpening a broken pencil with your hand sharpener! For many students, any small issue can be distracting during a big test (I know it did for me!).Practice with your pencils, erasers, and pencil sharpener, so you don’t get flustered on the real ACT. Don't use any support! #: Using Any Support Material Finally, don’t use any additional material while taking ACT practice exams.As I said, on the real ACT, you won’t be allowed anything on your desk except for your test booklet, pencils, erasers, pencil sharpener, and your calculator (only during the math section).So don’t use anything other than those materials during your ACT practice! Don’t use a formula cheat sheet, and don’t use a dictionary to look up words!There will be not outside help during the real ACT, so don’t use outside help during your practice. If there are words you don’t understand while taking a practice test, try to figure out their meaning using context clues.Try to answer questions without looking up vocabulary.Circle the words you don’t know, so when you’ve finished, you can easily go back to those words and look them up in a dictionary. Summary: How to Get the Best ACT Practice All of the above can be summarized in one sentence: follow the rules of the ACT during your practice tests!Realistic practice will prepare you the best to excel on the ACT and is key to feeling prepared and relaxed on the day of the actual ACT. Do you still feel uncertain as to how to make your practice tests the ideal prep for test day? Check out our guide to getting realistic ACT practice. What’s Next? Not sure where you’d like to go to college? Figure out how to find your target school. Interested in attending a top college? Check out our guides to getting into Harvard and Stanford! Struggling with your college application? Learn how to write your personal statement and how to write about extracurriculars. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Participation Exercise #9 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Client Relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Development of the Niger Delta

Development of the Niger Delta ROAD TRANSPORTATION AND THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGER DELTA: A CASE STUDY OF WARRI METROPOLIS ATUBI, A. 0. AND ONOKALA, P.C. ABSTRACT Road transportation is essential in the life of any modern society, this is because it entails the movement of people, goods, and services from one place to the other. It is the main medium used to revitalize the social, economic and political structures. It is also observed that the system of mass production relies on an efficient transport system for its existence. The data used for the study were mainly from primary and secondary sources and from the analysis of the data, it was revealed that road transportation has contributed tremendously to the socio-economic development of Warri metropolis. The development of the road transport system in Warri metropolis should therefore be encouraged because it has been and will continue to be a reliable means of promoting the socio-economic development of Warri metropolis. INTRODUCTION Transportation is an important activity in the life of any modern society. It involves the movement of people, goods and services on land, water and air. It refers to the process whereby objects arc conveyed in space and involves the movement of these objects by a mechanism through an environmental medium. In commerce and industry, transportation is used to describe the broad range of activities concerned with the efficient movement of finished goods from the place of production to the consumer and source of supply to the beginning of production line. Spatial interaction is one of the most fundamental themes in human geography. It involves the movement of people, goods and services between various centres in space. In those countries where the basic road network is incomplete, it will usually be appropriate to adopt a relatively low level of geometric standards in order to release resources to provide more basic road links. This policy will generally do more to foster economic development than building a smaller number of road links to a higher standard (Transport and Road Research Laboratory, 1988). However, Brian and Rodney (1995) observed that the comparatively low level of economic activity in many of the less developed countries is often reflected in the modest scale of their transport systems. Transport is generally meant to promote development. Government is aware of this view hence they pay attention to the development of transport system in Nigeria (Atubi, 1995). Transport development in Nigeria, the Standard Research Institute aptly stated that the â€Å"Economic history of Nigeria is largely the story of the opening up of its vast areas to various forms of transport resulting in the economic growth which in turn stimulated the demand for transport.† Socio-economic development of Nigeria major cities are impeded by the absence of good road transportation. It can be said that the overall pace of national economic and social development has been retarded by the present system of inequitable allocation of road transport investment between the various urban centres and rural areas. In Onokerhoraye and Omuta (1994), Chapin (1976) argued that transportation is essentially a service, which enables people, firm and various entities to carry on activities at sites selected for this purpose. As being observed by scholars notably Olanrewaju (1977), transport facilities contribute an important component of infrastructural facilities necessary for development. Transport according to him is regarded as a catalyst for economic development especially in rural areas. Brown (1974), observed that the rise of motor transport in the last twenty-five years has had enormous effect. Mobility has increased and villages and towns have grown up beside roads. Also Alli (1975), observed that road network has to a great extent brought economic integration of the various states of West Africa through widespread international trade. Omiunu and Onokerhoraye (1995) argued that rapid development of mechanical road transport has been one of the outstanding events of this modem era arid has been a profound impact on the socio-economic life of a country. Waugh and Bushell (1991), asserted that better accessibility can bring many benefits which include less time spent travelling, cheap travel, a great choice of holiday destinations, more markets for industrial products and increased trade. Gakenheimer (1978), asserted that growing congestion in urban areas is providing an interdependent stimulus for a rethink of current transport policies. Hammer (1976), in Wilson (1984), concluded that â€Å"road transport has a considerable effect on our daily lives apart from ending some of them. The provision of transport is fundamental to all other forms of development. According to Akinbode (1975); in industry, the effects of transport have been two folds; firstly, through promoting specialization, a higher standard of living could be made. Secondly, the spread of information and ideas could be possible by an increasingly efficient transport system. Kruger and Russell (2001), pointed out that transport is indispensable for the functioning and development of economic activities for the production and distribution of goods and services as well as for trade. METHODOLOGY For the purpose of data collection in the study area, stratified sampling technique was used to divide the study area into three zones Okumagba zone, Ajamimogha zone and Ekurede Urhobo zone. Systematic sampling method was used to select some households, where there is more than one household in a house, random sampling method was used. The instrument used to elicit necessary information from the respondents include questionnaires, personal observations and oral interviews. However, only one hundred and fifty (150) persons were selected to represent the target population. This comprises of workers, traders, industrialists, passengers, owners of mechanical medium of road transport etc. In analyzing the data, the statistical tools used include the use of tables, percentages and statistical technique such as the correlation statistics. STUDY AREA Warri is the headquarters of the Warri South Local Government Area. It is located in the Western Niger Delta region of Delta State and lies approximately between longitude 5 °44’ and latitude 5 °30’ and 6 °15’ (see fig. 1). Its location in the Niger Delta area makes it a very low-lying town. The position of Wan-i is about 6 metres above the sea level on the average and no where does it rise above 8 metres. The Wan-i River borders the town on the south and eastern sides. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS The means of transportation in any modem society occupies an important place in the society. Road transportation has been of great importance in our daily lives, since emphasis is now placed on punctuality to work than ever before and its necessity for greater industrial and commercial output, which has impact on our daily socio-economic life. From the field observation, several means of road transportation were identified. These include private cars, commercial taxi cabs, pick up vans, buses, motorbikes, trucks, bicycles etc. These have helped to facilitate the movement of people, goods, industrial raw materials and output and services in the area. Table 1.0: Road Transportation Has contributed to Socio-economic Development of your area Source: Fieldwork, 2002. From table 1.0, it can be concluded that road transportation has contributed to the development of the area socially and economically. The result from the field survey shows that 123 respondents reacted positively to the question while only 27 respondents answered negatively. Also from the table above it can be concluded that road transportation has a lot of impact on the socio economic development process of Warri metropolis. The table 1.0 shows that 82% of the respondents believe positively that road transportation has impact on the socio-economic development of their various areas. While only 18% believed otherwise. Table 2.0: Road transport, industrial and commercial output Source: Fieldwork, 2002. From table 2.0 above, one can deduce that the road transportation network has contributed to the industrial and commercial output of the Warri metropolis. 76% of the respondents affirmed positive answer, this is to say that as a result of the condition of roads in the area industries and commercial output is low and not encouraged. Table 3.0: Most Preferred Public Road Transport Source: Fieldwork, 2002. The table 3.0 above, shows that a larger percentage of the respondents with 58% prefer to use motorbikes as their mode of public transport medium. According to them, the reasons are based on the fact that it is faster and convenient. They also said that it is an alternative to motorcars when there is hold up or traffic jam. Those that prefer to take motorcars are the remaining 48% of the respondents who based their argument on the fact that the drivers of motorcars are more careful than those of motorbikes. It is safer and reduces cost, more convenient and above all accident is minimized. Table 4.0: Road Transport and Employment Opportunities Source: Fieldwork, 2002. Table 4.0 above shows that the respondents have been able to affirm greatly that road transportation has created employment opportunities to a large number of the population. The employment opportunities enumerated include drivers, mechanics, vulcanizers, spare parts dealers, motorbikes, commercial drivers, car washers etc which have increased in recent times. It was also noted that where new roads are constructed, commercial activities tend to spring up. However, those who gave negative response to this argument based their argument on the fact that in their area, there are no seasoned roads or no road at all and so transport mechanisms cannot in any way create job opportunity for them. They however, agreed that road transportation has created job opportunities in diverse areas in the metropolis. Table 5.0: Nature of Roads in the Study Area Source: Fieldwork, 2002. Table 5.0 above, shows that 31.3% of the respondents indicated that the roads in the metropolis are good, 26% indicated that they are fairly good, 22.7% said they are bad and the remaining 20% indicated that the roads are very bad. However, from observation, it was observed that majority of the roads are very narrow, this may be because most of the roads have been built many years ago when the number of mechanisms in the metropolis was low and also when the developmental level of the metropolis was still at its initial stage. Then the density of the traffic was not envisaged to be as high as it is at present. Table 6.0: Condition of road transport mechanisms Source: Fieldwork, 2002. From table 6.0, it is shown that road mechanisms in the metropolis i.e. cars, motorbikes are in good condition. This is based on the fact that 65.3 percent of the respondents affirmed that they are in good condition. However, 34.7 percent of the respondents declared that the mechanisms are not in good condition. From observation however, it was observed that a greater number of vehicles in the metropolis that are in good condition are privately owned mechanisms. The commercial cars and lorries are mostly in bad shape. This is due to ill maintenance. It was also observed that the motorbikes are not in good shape. Mechanically, most of the motorbikes expel a lot of smoke or gases that are poisonous and harmful to the environment. Table 7.0: Correlation Results Product Moment Correlation RR2 Significance 1.Socio-economic Dev. Motorcar Transport 0.50 0.25 1.0** 2. Socio-economic Dev. Motorbike Transport 0.50 0.25 1.0 3.Accident occurrence Motorcar Transport 0.95 0.90 13.4** 4.Accident occurrence Motorbike Transport 0.95 0.90 13.4** **significant at 95% level. From the analysis of the data in table 7.0 above, it shows that the calculated value is 0.50 and the table value is 6.3 14 at 0.05 or 95% confidence. Therefore, based on this result it can be’ concluded that a continuous increase in the number of motorcars is not a determinant of the relative increase on the socio-economic development of Warri metropolis. Therefore, it is assumed that as the number of motorcars increases, there is a decline in the socioeconomic development of the study area. Conclusively, it can therefore be stated that motorcars and motorbikes which collectively form the mode of road transport in Warri metropolis has no significant relationship with the socioeconomic development of Warri metropolis. This is because an increase in the road mechanism rather than increasing the socioeconomic well being of the study area, causes problems such as traffic congestion, accidents, pollution, which in any way do not contribute to the socio-economic development of any area. POLICY IMPLICATION The government should provide good and all seasoned roads in the metropolis so that there can be easy flow of traffic. They should also include in the road construction plan a separate lane for motorbikes, in order to reduce the rate of accidents in the metropolis. The government should also provide market structures for squatters or traders along the roads in order to reduce congestion and the rate of accidents on the roads. The State and Local Governments should ensure that more roads are constructed in the metropolis to ease movement of socioeconomic activities in the area and also ensure that roads are well linked in order to reduce traffic hold up in the area. They should also try to dualise some of the major roads in the metropolis to ease the rate of traffic holdup in the study area. The government should also provide parking space for motor vehicles and large lorries, in order to reduce the number of vehicles, motorbikes and lorries that are parked along the roadside which constitute part of the road congestion in the metropolis. CONCLUSION The result of the study shows that road transportation has contributed tremendously to the socio-economic development of Warri metropolis. It has provided efficient means of mobility of the populace and the movement of goods and services in the area. It. has also created an enabling environment for both industrial and commercial activities in the metropolis. REFERENCES Atubi, A.O. (1995): The Effect of Road Network Characteristics on Traffic Flow in Lagos Mainland Local Government An unpublished B.Sc. Thesis. Department of Geography, University of Nigeria Nsukka. Akinbode, A. (1975): â€Å"The role of transportation in the development of Africa: Research Papers 1971-1975 Vol. 1, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria. Alli, A. (1975): â€Å"Man in West Africa† A School Certificate Regional Geography: Ethiope Publishing Corporation, Benin City. Brian, T. and Rodney, T. (1995): â€Å"Rural Transport Problems, Policies and Plan†. Transport Systems, policy and planning: A Geographical Approach, Longman House, Burnt Mill, Harlow England, Pp. 23 1-260 Brown, E.D. (1974): â€Å"General Geography of West Africa† George Allen and Ulwin Ltd., London. Chapin, F.S. (1976): â€Å"Urban Land Use Planning† Chicago University of Illinois Press Gakenhenimer, R. (1978): â€Å"The Automobile and the Environment† An International Perspective, prepared by the organization for economic cooperation and development MIT Press Cambridge. Hammer, M. (1976): â€Å"Wheels Within Wheels† in Wilson, D. (1984): â€Å"The environmental crisis†. Heinemann Educational Book Ltd. London. Kruger, B. and Russell, B. (2001): â€Å"Transport and Socio-Economic Development† presented to the commission on sustainable development 9 session on transport and sustainable development in the E.C.E. region development research association conference, Calabar Nigeria. Pp. 3-7 Omiunu, F.G.I. and Onokerhoraye, A.G. (1995): â€Å"Transportation and the Nigerian space economy† The Benin Social Science Series for Africa University of Benin, Nigeria. Omuta, G.E.D. and Onokerhoraye, A.G. (1994): â€Å"Regional development and planning for Africa†. The Benin Social Science Series for Africa, University of Benin, Nigeria P. 104 Transport and Road Research Laboratory (1988): A guide to project appraisal. Road Note 5, London: Higso, Gratis from TRRL overseas unit. Waugh, D. and Bushell, T. (1991): â€Å"Key geography foundation† Stanley Thornes Publishers Limited London.